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By: David James
Should we focus more on creating ink spots and less on defeating the Taliban?
We went to a lovely lunch yesterday given by a friend who is a very successful writer. Inevitably, the conversation turned to the kind of topics that preoccupy professional writers — the changes that are happening to the book-publishing business; how reviews in big newspapers matter so much less nowadays than they once did; the way agents and some publishers (with some notable exceptions) seem to be in that same dreamlike state of denial one once observed in record executives and newspaper editors; and so on. The one thing my friend seemed entirely unaware of was what Amazon is doing to the self-publishing business. He was shocked by my explanation of the simple process by which one can transform a book draft in Microsoft Word into a Kindle eBook (as Jeff Jarvis did recently, for example). So it was interesting to turn to the New York Times this morning and find this quote from Jeff Bezos in a column by Tom Friedman:
“I see the elimination of gatekeepers everywhere,” said Bezos. Thanks to cloud computing for the masses, anyone anywhere can for a tiny hourly fee now rent the most powerful computing and storage facilities on Amazon’s “cloud” to test any algorithm or start any company or publish any book. Start-ups can even send all their inventory to Amazon, and it will do all the fulfillment and delivery — and even gift wrap your invention before shipping it to your customers.This is leading to an explosion of new firms and voices. “Sixteen of the top 100 best sellers on Kindle today were self-published,” said Bezos. That means no agent, no publisher, no paper — just an author, who gets most of the royalties, and Amazon and the reader.

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By: Dave Dilegge
Continue on for today's SWJ news and opinion roundup and links to the USNI Daily and Real Clear World.
La sortie de la version stable 3.4 du noyau Linux vient d'être annoncée par Linus Torvalds. Le nouveau noyau est, comme d'habitude, téléchargeable sur les serveurs du site kernel.org.
Le détail des évolutions, nouveautés et prévisions est dans la seconde partie de la dépêche.
PS. : Merci à toutes les personnes qui ont aidé à traduire les courriels de RC quand cette dépêche était dans l'espace de rédaction: laurent wandrebeck, detail_pratique, khalahan, _PhiX_, Damien Szczyt, Akiel et Benoît.
La version RC-1 a été annoncée par Linus le 31 mars 2012:
RC-2Ok, cela fait deux semaines et la période de merge est terminée. Linux 3.4-rc1 a été envoyé vers les serveurs git, et l'archive tar ainsi que les patches sont en cours d'envoi alors que je tape ceci (cela sera probablement terminé le temps que je finisse).
Et oui, si vous avez compté, cela ne fait que 13 jours. Et si certains attendaient le dernier jour pour envoyer leur demande de merge, je suis persuadé qu'ils seront vraiment ravis d'attendre deux mois supplémentaires jusqu'à la prochaine fenêtre d'intégration. Yay !Cela dit, il y a encore quatre demandes de merge dans ma boîte mail qui sont en attente et que je vais (probablement) les inclure, mais je voulais d'abord obtenir confirmation d'autres mainteneurs. Elles ont donc été envoyées dans les temps, j'ai juste décidé de faire le choix de leur intégration un peu plus tard.
Les quatre requêtes restantes (et les gens dont je veux des commentaires) sont :- HSI (High Speed Synchronous Serial Interface). Je prévois de l'inclure dans le 3.4, c'est dans ma liste, mais je voulais que ça se sache au cas où quelqu'un aurait des problèmes avec cette dernière. Ping ?
- pohmelfs. Le vieux pohmelfs a été supprimé de staging ; il y en a un tout nouveau en attente sur le banc de touche. Al était un peu mécontent de certains aspects, Evgeniy en a corrigé certains, et la discussion s'est tarie. À nouveau, il y a des chances que je l'incorpore, mais je voulais davantage de commentaires à ce propos.
- La prise en charge préliminaire de drm dma-buf. Dave Airlie m'a envoyé la demande d'incorporation mais n'a pas beaucoup insisté, c'est dans ma catégorie « ok, je peux encore l'inclure pour 3.4 si les gens des pilotes DRM me disent que ça leur facilitera la vie. » C'est donc dans le flou — je n'ai rien contre, mais je ne l'inclurai pas à moins que quelques personnes me disent « oui, s'il te plaît. »
- Le framework DMA-mapping. Ce code a dorénavant quelques confirmations supplémentaires, et se trouve essentiellement dans la même situation que HSI : je l'incorporerai probablement, mais je voulais vraiment avoir l'avis des personnes concernées.Et c'est tout. Il y a donc quatre demandes d'inclusion en attente, mais à part ça, c'est terminé (à moins que vous ne puissiez démontrer m'avoir envoyé un mail, mais qu'à cause d'une erreur cosmique — impliquant probablement mon incompétence — je l'ai manqué. Hé, ça arrive).
Quoi qu'il en soit, assez parlé de « ce qui reste en attente ». Si vous voulez savoir ce qui a été incorporé, une approche assez lisible est la suivante :git log --merges --author=Torvalds v3.3..Parce que j'ai vraiment essayé de faire des messages compréhensibles, avec des informations venant des sous-mainteneurs. Et beaucoup d'entre vous m'en ont envoyé, merci.
Un point important à signaler est que le nettoyage des fichiers d'en-têtes était un truc à faire, mais j'espère qu'on n'aura plus à le refaire. En tout cas, pas avant une version ou deux. Ce nettoyage a provoqué beaucoup de conflits de merge et quelques autres ennuis et, bien que je sois OK pour les résoudre, c'était suffisamment pénible pour que je ne veuille pas recommencer de sitôt. Je sais que des sous-mainteneurs ont eux aussi été embêtés et s'en sont plaint auprès de moi.
Cela dit, je pense c'était utile. Le découpage deasm/system.h(et à plus petite échelle les nettoyages debug.h) a peut-être été douloureuse, mais les choses sont vraiment plus propres. Je devine donc que nous ferons à nouveau ce genre de chose dans le futur, mais je veux juste oublier à quel point c'est pénible d'ici à la prochaine fois. Ok ?Dans tous les cas, merci de tester et rapporter toutes régressions.
La version seconde version candidate du noyau est sortie le 7 avril 2012 :
RC-3Une autre semaine, une autre -rc. Cela m'a semblé plutôt calme, mais à en croire les chiffres, c'est une -rc2 assez typique, peut-être même avec un peu plus de modifications qu'à l'accoutumée.
Cela dit, il n'a pas l'air d'y avoir beaucoup de choses effrayantes. Une bonne partie des changements sont des correctifs (que j'espère quasi-finaux) pour les modifications des fichiers d'en-têtes, ainsi que les trois demandes d'inclusion mentionnées dans l'annonce de la -rc1 : HSI (High Speed Synchronous Serial Interface, les bases de dma-buf, et ce qui concerne DMA mapping. Ces trois-là ont été soutenues par plusieurs personnes braillant un « vas-y, envoie ». Pohmelfs n'a pas été mergé, pour la simple raison que personne ne l'a demandé.
En dehors des correctifs sur les fichiers d'en-têtes et les 3 incorporations retardées, il n'y a que les correctifs habituels. Je serai plus strict en ce qui concerne les inclusions à partir de maintenant car il y a eu beaucoup de « bruit » et pas uniquement des corrections. J'en suis en partie responsable : une série de modifications d'Eric Paris visant à grandement améliorer l'usage de la pile dans le contexte SElinux.
La plupart des changements concernent quelques architectures (arm, tile, powerpc, x86) et les pilotes (particulièrement le réseau, mais aussi regulator, drm et mmc), ainsi que quelques mises à jour sur la gestion de l'énergie.J'espère que la -rc3 aura un résumé carrément plus court.
C'est le 15 avril que la version RC-3 a été annoncée par Linus :
RC-4Bon, ça fait donc huit jours depuis la -rc2, principalement parce que j'ai passé du temps à courir après deux bugs que je pouvais reproduire plutôt que de rendre cette version disponible hier. L'un était un oops dans la couche de gestion d'erreur scsi, et l'autre un plantage étrange sur x86-32. Bug introduit par mes soins. Oops.
Enfin bref, un jour de retard, mais nous sommes maintenant plus stables du fait de la correction de ces problèmes dans la -rc3. Les deux étaient suffisamment obscurs pour ne pas toucher grand monde, mais je déteste annoncer des versions candidates avec des problèmes que je peux reproduire personnellement.
Ceci dit, je ne pense pas qu'il y ait grand chose de bien excitant dedans. Il s'agit principalement de mises à jour de pilotes, avec une poignée de correctifs d'architecture et de réseau. Les statistiques de modifications sont assez barbantes, exception faite de la mise à jour du pilote mtip32xx et d'un changement trivial dans kyrofb (remplacement des «unsigned long» par «u32» afin que ça fonctionne correctement en 64 bits) — cette rc se résume en gros par un bon nombre de simples remplacements.
Et des statistiques barbantes sont une bonne nouvelle. Cela signifie simplement « beaucoup de petits trucs ». Je l'admets, cela aurait été encore mieux si cela avait été « à peine quelques petits trucs », mais nous sommes raisonnablement tôt dans la séquence des versions candidates, je ne m'inquiète donc pas trop.
La version RC-4 est disponible depuis le 21 avril :
RC-5Tout semblait calme depuis un moment, mais ça a changé hier. Je pense que soit les gens envoient leurs requêtes juste avant que je ne rende disponible les -rc, soit c'est un problème de gens qui travaillent de lundi à vendredi et qui finissent la semaine en m'envoyant leurs requêtes.
Peu importe le pourquoi, cela signifie que mon « oh, les choses se calment » de jeudi s'est transformé en « Uhhuh, en fait pas encore » le vendredi, quand plus de la moitié des modifications de cette -rc ont débarqué.Ceci étant dit, même avec la pointe du vendredi, je pense que les choses ont tout de même été assez calmes. Nous avons eu quelques modifications annulées et un peu de nettoyage, mais la majorité sont des petits correctifs triviaux. Presque tous se situent dans les pilotes, avec quelques mises-à-jour du côté des systèmes de fichiers (la plupart étant des corrections de boutisme venant de Al) qui se sont glissées. Le traditionnel (sans renommage) fichier de différence est dominé par le déplacement du logo de démarrage m68k, mais nous utilisons tous les fichiers de différence de git maintenant, n'est-ce pas ? Auquel cas c'est 50% de pilotes (usb, mfd, xen, mmc, gpu, media…), 20% arch, 15% fs, et une poignée de trucs ici et là.
Mais rien de tout cela n'a vraiment l'air effrayant. Il semble que la sortie de la 3.4 soit dans les clous, mais n'hésitez pas à brailler si vous repérez des régressions.
Je serai sans connexion pendant quelques jours (classe de plongée sous-marine etc), mais si le modèle « les gens m'envoient leurs trucs le vendredi » se vérifie, je parie que cela ne changera rien pour personne. D'autant que j'aurai mon portable et mon environnement de travail, donc si un truc surgit, tout se passera bien. Je ne suis simplement pas autant en ligne que d'habitude.
Huit jours après la RC-4, Linus a annoncé sur la liste de diffusion la sortie de la version RC-5 :
RC-6À nouvelle semaine, nouvelle -rc. Techniquement ça fait 8 jours — j'ai retardé la sortie d'une journée dans l'attente de quelques tests.
Tout comme la -rc4, une bonne partie des modifications sont arrivées vendredi (et quelques autres hier). Et cela ne s'est pas calmé, au contraire. -rc5 a presque 50% de modifications en plus que n'en avait -rc4. Ce n'est pas bon.Ceci étant dit, je ne pense pas qu'il y ait quoi que ce soit de très effrayant là-dedans. C'est ennuyeux, certes (je hais vraiment les vilains problèmes d'ABI d'autofs avec lesquels je me suis battu ces derniers jours, par exemple), et j'aurais préféré que les choses fussent plus calmes, mais la plupart des changements sont assez petits et triviaux. C'est réparti de manière assez équitable : 50% de pilotes, 20% d'architecture, 15% de systèmes de fichiers (principalement btrfs et nfs), 5% de réseau, ainsi que du bruit aléatoire.
La grande nouvelle de la journée du 6 mai 2012 a bien évidemment été l'annonce de la version RC-6 par Linus :
RC-7Une nouvelle semaine, une nouvelle -rc — et je pense que nous sommes proches de la 3.4 finale. Merci donc de tester.
Il y a toujours plus de modifications que je ne le voudrais — et j'apprécierais que les choses se calment davantage encore, mais globalement les changements restent petits et simples.
Environ la moitié des modifications sont dans les pilotes (et la partie réseau représente presque la moitié de ça), le reste provenant principalement de arch (powerpc et arm), fs (btrfs et nfs), ainsi que du réseau (hors pilotes).
Mais tous les changements semblent vraiment triviaux, donc au final je le sens plutôt bien.En avant pour les tests.
Enfin la dernière version candidate a été annoncé 12 mai 2012 :
C'est quasi certainement la dernière -rc de cette série : les choses se sont vraiment calmées, et j'ai même envisagé de rendre disponible le 3.4 en cette fin de semaine, pour finalement conclure qu'une semaine de plus ne pouvait pas faire de mal.
Le résumé des modifications donne une bonne vision d'ensemble : il s'agit principalement de petites corrections ici et là pour des petits problèmes très précis. La plus grosse modification (et celle qui touchera probablement le plus de gens) est le changement i2c de Nouveau — il s'agit de la suppression de la dernière modification. Les routines i2c spécifiques ayant leurs propres problèmes et les routines génériques i2c-algo-bit ayant été corrigées, Nouveau utilise maintenant les génériques.
Le reste est principalement constitué de petites modifications dans diverses zones : pilotes (réseau, drm, scsi, son et md), mises à jour de arch (arm, powerpc et x86) et divers autres endroits : cœur du réseau, un correctif de compat, des choses comme ça. Rien d'effrayant.Alors lancez-vous et testez. Et ne m'envoyez aucune demande d'inclusion à moins qu'elle ne contienne que des correctifs pour de très vilains bugs. Je ne veux plus de ces stupides correctifs pour supprimer des warnings du compilateur etc.
En plus de cette annonce sur la LKML, Linus a décidé, comme il le fait régulièrement, de poster un petit texte sur son compte Google+ afin d'inciter les gens à tester cette dernière version candidate :
Les nouveautés Architecture x32Dernière -rc avant la sortie de 3.4 ! Dépêchez-vous avant épuisement des stocks !
Du fait de l'édition limitée de 3.4-rc7, et si vous voulez que votre maman soit fière de vous demain, vous feriez bien de vous dépêcher. Et si vous êtes une maman, montrez à vos enfants que vous êtes exceptionnelle, car vos machines n'utilisent que le plus récent et le meilleur.
Parce que vous le valez bien.Et si vous êtes un développeur, rendez-nous tous fiers en n'envoyant pas davantage de « correctifs des warnings du compilateur » ou autres modifications sans intérêt. Si vous m'envoyez une demande d'inclusion ou un patch destiné à la version finale de 3.4, il vaudrait mieux que cela concerne une regression majeure, un oops ou un correctif de sécurité.
Compris ?
Aux côtés de ses cousines x86 et x86-64, la nouvelle architecture x32 fait son entrée dans le nouveau noyau Linux 3.4.
On sait que l'architecture x86-64 est une modernisation profonde de la vénérable architecture x86. Les registres généraux passent de 32 bits à 64 bits et leur nombre double (16 registres au lieu de 8). La mémoire virtuelle n'est plus limitée à 4 Go, le bit NX est implémenté. L'appel système SYSCALL64 est très rapide et les instructions vectorielles disponibles sont au moins au niveau du SSE2.
Toutes ces nouveautés, et le fait que sa prise en charge est désormais mature, font qu'il est désormais presque absurde d'utiliser une distribution en mode x86.
Néanmoins, certains développeurs sont d'avis que l'architecture x86 garde quelques avantages. Par exemple le fait de se limiter à 32 bits signifie que les pointeurs mémoires sont plus petits et induisent donc moins de pression sur les mémoires caches du processeur. C'est un point important, notamment pour l'embarqué, car le bon fonctionnement du cache est absolument crucial pour les performances du processeur.
C'est quand même dommage de devoir choisir entre les indispensables 16 registres de x86-64 et l'empreinte mémoire réduite de x86. Serait-il possible de créer une nouvelle variante qui ne retiendrait que les meilleurs aspects de ces deux architectures ?
C'est précisement le but qu'avait en tête H. Peter Anvin quand il a posté sur la LKML les patchs proposant l'architecture x32.
Les programmes compilés avec l'ABI x32 tourneront donc en profitant à plein des 16 registres 64 bits (comme sous x86-64) mais leurs pointeurs mémoires seront limités à 32 bits (comme sous x86). Bien entendu, ces programme seront limités à un espace d'adressage de 32 bits (4 Go) mais cela ne constitue pas vraiment un obstacle pour la plupart d'entre eux, en particulier dans l'embarqué.
D'après les premiers tests, postés sur le site spécialement dédié à x32, les performances semblent encourageantes.
Le test 181.mcf du benchmark SPEC CPU2000 a été utilisé car il est extrêmement dépendant de la mémoire et il profite à fond d'une réduction de la pression sur le cache. Selon ce test, effectué sur un processeur Core i7, on obtient un gain de vitesse d'environ 32% par rapport au mode x86-64. Comme prévu les performances sont très proches de celles d'x86 (moins de 1% d'écart).
Le gain induit par les pointeurs mémoire 32 bits est donc bien visible.
Si on regarde le test 186.crafty on devrait cette fois mettre en évidence le gain induit par l'utilisation des 16 registres 64 bits puisque ce test est très dépendant du processeur. Là encore, la nouvelle architecture tient ses promesses puisque l'architecture x32 n'est que 5% plus lente que x86-64 mais qu'elle enregistre un gain de 29% par rapport à x86.
Les patchs de H. Peter Anvin ont été assez bien accueillis sur la liste de diffusion du noyau mais Linus a quand même grogné sur un point précis. À l'origine les valeurs relatives à la gestion du temps (time_t, off_t ou timeval) devaient être en 32 bits ce qui impliquait que l'architecture x32 serait soumise au bug de l'an 2038 (overflow du nombre de secondes entre 1970, l'origine du temps UNIX, et l'année 2038).
Linus a été prompt à envoyer un scud en soulignant que ce point était inacceptable:
J'ai eu des journalistes qui m'ont posé la question et j'ai toujours répondu qu'en 2038 nous utiliserions tous des processeurs 64 bits. Je pense que c'est une réponse tout à fait raisonnable.
Mais si ces processeurs 64 bits font en fait tourner un mode « rapide » 32 bits alors cette réponse perd toute sa pertinence. À notre époque, c'est une erreur fondamentale que d'avoiroff_tettime_ten 32 bits. Je detesterai d'avoir à introduire ça dans le noyau, ça me ferait gerber.
Ce point a été rapidement corrigé en introduisant une gestion du temps spécifique sur 64 bits pour l'architecture x32 (c'est la fonction COMPAT_USE_64BIT_TIME). D'autres objections ont été soulevées mais les révisions successives des patchs ont finalement convaincu Linus d'intégrer cette ABI x32 dans la branche principale du noyau.
Bien entendu, un tel changement mixant les caractéristiques de plusieurs architectures a des impacts bien au-delà du noyau Linux. La gestion de la nouvelle architecture x32 doit être ajoutée dans GNU binutils, dans la Glibc et dans le compilateur GCC. Les distributions binaires doivent décider d'utiliser ce mode et proposer des exécutables x32 dans leur dépôts.
C'est donc un travail de longue haleine qui commence et nous verrons dans les prochaines années si l'architecture x32 arrive à convaincre dans le monde de l'embarqué.
La couche du device-mapper présente dans le noyau est une interface virtuelle servant à faire communiquer entre eux des périphériques blocs. Cette gestion des volumes logiques permet, par exemple, de faire du RAID logiciel ou du chiffrement de disques entre divers périphériques en mode blocs.
La couche device-mapper du noyau 3.4 accueille un nouveau module nommée dm-verity qui fera sans doute quelque peu polémique auprès des libristes les plus vigilants.
Le but de dm-verity est de vérifier l'intégrité des blocs de données d'un périphérique. Pour cela une empreinte est prise pour chaque bloc et chaque hash est mappé sur son bloc respectif via dm-verity. Comme le périphérique virtuel est monté en mode lecture seule, il n'est pas possible de changer le hash, ce qui assure l'intégrité des données contre toute tentative de modification frauduleuse.
Bien entendu, pour que la chaine de confiance soit absolue, il faut que la machine puisse avoir une phase de boot protégée. Cela se fait en utilisant tboot ou TrustedGRUB ou encore en démarrant à partir d'une clé USB ou d'un CD considérés comme sûrs. L'utilisateur de dm-verity va alors fournir au système le hash de la racine et cette information est la clé qui permettra de vérifier, de proche en proche, que les blocs du périphérique (et donc les exécutables) n'ont pas été modifiés. C'est la technique classique de l'arbre de hachage qui est ici utilisée (Merkkle tree).
La documentation indique que la vérification se fait via l'outil veritysetup avec la syntaxe suivante:
veritysetup -a vroot /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 hash_de_la_racine
Théoriquement à ce stade le lecteur attentif des dépêches noyau LinuxFr devrait se demander « Mais en quoi est-ce différent du sous-système EVM qui avait été décrit dans la news Linux 3.2 ? ».
Excellente question cher lecteur attentif ! Et bien tout d'abord EVM fonctionne obligatoirement avec une puce TPM (Trusted Platform Module) alors que dm-verity n'a pas cette dépendance. Il peut utiliser une puce TPM (via TrustedGRUB notamment) mais, comme nous l'avons vu plus haut, il peut aussi se contenter d'un boot à partir un périphérique externe qui aura été gardé en lieu sûr (clé USB ou CD).
Ensuite, la vérification des hashs se fait seulement à la demande, quand le noyau à besoin de réellement accéder aux blocs sous-jacents (lors d'un accès disque). Cela évite une coûteuse phase de vérification de tous les hashs lors du démarrage et améliore donc les performances.
Le développeur Mandeep Singh Baines a indiqué que dm-verity était déjà utilisé par Google dans son projet Chrome OS :
dm-verity fait partie de l'infrastructure de boot sécurisée de Chrome OS. Le module est utilisé pour vérifier l'intégrité du système de fichiers root lors du démarrage. Cette partition root est montée via un mapping dm-verity afin de vérifier, de façon complètement transparente, que chaque bloc correspond au hash qui a été passé lors du boot.
Une présentation de dm-verity a été effectué lors du sommet Plumber 2011 qui s'est déroulé à San Diego en août dernier. Dans le fichier pdf de présentation on apprend que la vitesse de vérification a été un facteur crucial lors du choix d'architecture de dm-verity. Certes, EVM est une solution plus complète, mais la nécessité de ne pas ralentir le démarrage d'une machine Chrome OS a conduit au développement de cette alternative. Avec dm-verity il est ainsi possible de booter en 1,2 seconde une partition root de 891 Mo.
Bien entendu, cette technique de vérification d'intégrité peut aussi être utilisée par des constructeurs peu scrupuleux qui voudraient bloquer l'accès des utilisateurs à leur machine. Il est particulièrement inquiétant de lire le mail envoyé sur la LKML par Wesley Miaw qui travaille pour Netflix. Cette société américaine propose un service payant de streaming vidéo. On comprend facilement qu'elle puisse chercher à bloquer l'enregistrement de ce flux vidéo sur les smartphones et tous les autres périphériques basés sur Linux :
Netflix voudrait que dm-verity soit incorporé dans le noyau Linux. Au cours de l'année écoulée, nous avons travaillé avec Google afin de porter dm-verity sur un certain nombre de périphériques électroniques grand public tournant sous une version embarquée de Linux.
La demande pour cette fonction a été importante et nous voyons pas mal de bénéfices à ce que dm-vérity fasse partie du noyau officiel.
Netflix a une politique de certification officielle des plateformes avant que l'utilisateur ne puisse accéder au flux vidéo (voir cet exemple avec les martphones OMAP 4). On peut craindre que dm-verity ne soit utilisé pour bloquer toute tentative de changement des binaires et que le hash racine ne reste entre les mains du constructeur. Ce ne serait pas la première fois qu'une technologie potentiellement utile serait ainsi détournée pour asservir les utilisateurs.
Comme le résume Jonathan Corbet sur l'article LWN dédié à ce sujet :
Nouveautés pour l'architecture ARMCertains vendeurs vont, sans aucun doute, choisir d'inclure des outils comme dm-verity sans donner aux utilisateurs la possibilité de le désactiver. Ce n'est pas une bonne chose, mais ce n'est pas non plus quelque chose de nouveau.
L'architecture ARM a le vent en poupe en ce moment et le noyau Linux 3.4 accueille de nombreuses nouveautés qui améliorent sa prise en charge et ajoutent des fonctionnalités.
La première de ces nouveautés est l'unification de la gestion des horloges dans un nouveau sous-système dédié nommé « Common CLK ».
C'est un travail de longue haleine qui a été entrepris par Mike Turquette, Jeremy Kerr et Ben Herrenschmidt puisque la première version a été proposée sur la LKML il y a plus d'un an.
Auparavant le noyau Linux gérait de façon complètement séparée ce code de gestion des horloges matérielles. Chaque implémentation vivait dans des répertoires dédiés aux diverses architectures. Plutôt que cette solution inefficace d'un code spécifique pour chaque plateforme, le nouveau sous-système propose une gestion matérielle unifiée :
The common clk framework is an interface to control the clock nodes available on various devices today. This may come in the form of clock gating, rate adjustment, muxing or other operations. The net result is consolidation of many different struct clk definitions and platform-specific clock framework implementations.
La documentation indique que l'option de configuration COMMON_CLK doit être choisie lors de la compilation et que l'interface est divisée en deux parties bien distinctes. La première s'appuie sur le code commun (un struct clk unique ainsi qu'une API unifiée dans include/linux/clk.h) tandis que la seconde regroupe les callbacks spécifiques qui s'enregistrent avec clk_ops.
Maintenant que ce sous-système commun unifié est disponible on va sans doute assister à la conversion progressive des pilotes dans les prochaines versions du noyau.
Ce travail n'est pas vraiment spécifique à l'architecture ARM mais, étant donné la diversité qui existe sur cette architecture, c'est pour elle que ses effets bénéfiques vont se faire sentir avec le plus de force. Alors qu'avant il était impossible de compiler une image noyau identique pour deux plateformes ARM ayant des struct clk différentes, il devient maintenant envisageable, à moyen terme, d'avoir une image multi-plateforme unique pour ARM. Moins de duplication de code et, comme l'écrit Mike Turquette, le but est bien d'avoir « The One Image to Rule Them All » !
Outre cette infrastucture « Common CLK » le noyau 3.4 accueille également les patchs de DMA-mapping qui ont été écrits par Marek Szyprowski. Le DMA (Direct Memory Access) c'est la possibilité d'envoyer les données d'un périphérique directement dans la mémoire RAM, sans intervention du processeur. Bien entendu, cette technique doit tenir compte des particularités de l'architecture matérielle sous-jacente et une API unifiée est disponible dans le noyau Linux.
Le problème, c'est que les développeurs ARM n'utilisaient pas vraiment ce code commun et qu'une certaine « balkanisation » était observée dans l'arbre des sources. Marek a mis fin à cette anarchie et ses patchs simplifient la gestion des particularités de l'architecture ARM.
Encore une nouveauté ARM intégrée dans ce noyau 3.4, la fonction « jump label » est maintenant utilisable pour les machines ARM et Thumb-2.
Comme indiqué dans la dépêche du noyau 2.6.37 cette fonction « jump label » (d'ailleurs renommée depuis en « static keys ») permet de réduire drastiquement le coût des points de traçage, mais elle nécessite d'écrire un code assembleur adapté à chaque architecture. C'est Vincent Rabin qui s'est chargé de ce travail pour ARM et cette fonction est utilisable avec l'option de configuration HAVE_ARCH_JUMP_LABEL.
Le JIT (compilateur à la volée) qui permet d'accélérer le traitement des paquets réseau du filtre Berkeley Packet Filter, est maintenant disponible sur architecture ARM.
Cette fonction est utilisable via l'option HAVE_BPF_JIT et elle s'active avec un petit echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_enable.
Enfin, du côté de la prise en charge du matériel, le développeur Peter De Schrijver a écrit un patch ajoutant la gestion de la plateforme Tegra3 avec son « processeur compagnon ». On voit ainsi que NVidia, société pour laquelle travaille Peter, souhaite améliorer la prise en charge native de ses SoCs dans la branche principale.
Le noyau 3.4 apporte également la prise en charge de la plateforme Exynos5 de Samsung. C'est le tout premier System on Chip à utiliser le nouveau coeur Cortex-A15.
Après plus d'un an et demi d'hésitations et de débats, le module de sécurité YAMA a finalement été intégré dans le noyau Linux 3.4.
Cet ajout est une bonne occasion pour évoquer les controverses qui persistent entre les développeurs au sujet de la sécurité de Linux. Il a toujours été difficile de trouver un équilibre entre la sécurité à tout prix, au détriment même de la propreté du code et de sa maintenabilité, ou bien une approche plus pragmatique et mesurée.
Tout commence le 16 juin 2010 avec un mail de Kees Cook sur la liste de diffusion du noyau. Kees, qui était alors responsable sécurité chez Canonical, soutient que l'appel système ptrace est potentiellement dangereux et il propose un patch pour bloquer cette faille.
La commande ptrace est souvent utilisée pour les phases de déboguage car elle permet à un processus d'éditer l'espace mémoire d'un autre processus. D'après Kees Cook, un attaquant peut exploiter cette capacité afin d'élargir la surface d'attaque d'une compromission initiale :
Une faiblesse particulièrement troublante de l'interface des processus sous Linux est qu'un simple utilisateur peut examiner le statut et la mémoire de chacun de ses processus.
Par exemple, si une application (par exemple Pidgin) est compromise, alors il est possible pour un attaquant de s'attacher à un autre processus (par exemple Firefox, une session SSH, un agent GPG, etc.) afin d'extraire des informations sensibles additionnelles et continuer son attaque.
Le patch de Kees est simple puisqu'il se contente d'ajouter un sysctl (une interface de paramétrage) contrôlant le comportement de ptrace. Ce nouveau paramètre, nommé ptrace_scope, peut prendre les valeurs « 0 » ou « 1 ». Par défaut, c'est « 0 » qui est utilisé (mode « classic ») et cela signifie que le comportement de ptrace ne change pas par rapport à la situation actuelle. En revanche, quand ptrace_scope est à « 1 » (mode « restricted »), alors un processus ne peut lancer ptrace que sur ses processus fils et toute tentative d'examiner la mémoire des autres processus échouera.
On notera que le travail de Kees Cook s'inspire largement d'une fonction qui existe déjà dans Grsecurity. L'option CONFIG_GRKERNSEC_HARDEN_PTRACE interdit en effet de lancer ptrace sur des processus arbitraires et limite le choix aux processus fils.
Les réactions sur la LKML n'ont pas été d'un enthousiasme délirant et Alan Cox a été prompt à manifester son opposition au patch de Kees :
Les autres distributions font ça de façon rationnelle en utilisant des choses comme SELinux. Cela permet de décrire les relations de façon complète et on contrôle tous les chemins d'accès, pas seulement ptrace, pouvant être utilisés par un attaquant.
Même si tu t'en tapes d'utiliser les mêmes fonctions de sécurité que le reste du monde, de toute façon ton patch, et les autres trucs que tu as postés, tout ça doit aller dans un module de sécurité à part.
Donc NAK. Si tu veux réutiliser des morceaux de grsecurity alors, s'il te plaît, écris un module noyau grsecurity qui se basera sur les hooks qui existent. Arrête de pourrir le cœur du code. C'est aussi simple que ça. L'infrastructure existe alors utilise-là.
James Morris, le responsable de SELinux, a même souligné que son module de sécurité avait déjà un booléen, nommé allow_ptrace, et permettant de contrôler le comportement de ptrace. Pourquoi alors réinventer la roue ?
Le problème c'est que tout le monde ne veut pas utiliser SELinux. Les réfractaires sont nombreux et ils sont d'avis que SELinux est trop compliqué à utiliser. Même un hacker aussi réputé que Ted Ts'o avoue être découragé :
Il y a un bon nombre de gens qui n'utiliseront jamais SELinux. Tous les deux ou trois ans, je jette un nouveau coup d'œil sur SELinux, ma tête explose devant la complexité (non nécessaire ÀMHA) et je prends une nouvelle fois le large.
La situation paraît donc complètement bloquée entre les zélotes d'un module SELinux ultra-puissant mais complexe et les partisans d'une solution plus simple, même si elle est moins complète.
La solution régulièrement évoquée pour faire face à ce problème est « l'empilage des modules de sécurité » (LSM stacking). Avec cette solution, il devient possible d'avoir un « gros » module qui couvre le cas général (comme SELinux) et un ou plusieurs autres modules qui ne s'occupent que de fonctions bien précises sur lesquelles l'utilisateur veut avoir le contrôle.
Actuellement, le code LSM du noyau ne permet le chargement que d'un seul module de sécurité, à l'exclusion de tous les autres. Avec le LSM stacking cette limitation disparaîtrait et le noyau Linux offrirait plus de souplesse à ses utilisateurs.
En attendant que les développeurs se mettent d'accord sur une solution technique propre pour implémenter cet empilage des modules, Kees Cook a donc réécrit son patch afin d'isoler le code à l'intérieur d'un nouveau module de sécurité nommé YAMA.
En plus de la restriction d'utilisation de ptrace, on trouve dans le module des protections supplémentaires sur l'utilisation des liens symboliques (symlink) et des liens matériels (hardlink).
L'intégration du module YAMA a été proposée sur le LKML le 21 juin 2010… mais, dès le 2 août, Kees a posté un message indiquant qu'il était obligé de retirer le module puisque Christoph Hellwig avait posé un veto empêchant l'inclusion dans le noyau.
Les objections de Christoph se concentrent sur le fait que YAMA n'est pas un module de sécurité cohérent et qu'il n'est qu'une collection hétéroclite de divers patchs visant à bloquer des failles potentielles.
À ce stade de la situation on ne peut que comprendre la frustration de Kees :
Je commence à être fatigué de devoir porter mes patchs d'un côté ou de l'autre entre les sous-systèmes ou les modules de sécurité. Vous m'avez demandé de tout mettre dans un module et maitenant vous me dites que je ne devrais pas faire ça.
La situation est très simple. Soit vous me laissez mettre tout ça dans un module pour que les gens puisse choisir de l'activer. Soit vous m'aidez à améliorer les patchs, afin qu'ils intégrent directement les sous-systèmes.
Comme la seconde solution a été refusée à plusieurs reprises, il m'a été suggéré d'opter pour la première, ce que j'ai fait. L'option de tout abandonner n'est pas envisageable.
La flame war discussion a donc été relancée et certains développeurs ont tenté d'expliquer à Kees ce qu'il reprochaient à ses patchs :
Tu n'évoques pas la solution que t'a suggérée Al : Il faut avant tout réfléchir au problème de façon approfondie au lieu de balancer des patchs qui ne s'occupent que d'un seul cas de figure.
Ici on ne bloque qu'un seul type spécifique d'attaque sans créer un modèle conceptuel de la menace. C'est la grande distinction entre SELinux, Tomoyo, Smack et puis tes patchs à toi. Ces modules de sécurité forment un modèle de ce qui est important à protéger et de comment le protéger. Ils ne se contentent pas d'appliquer des règles arbitraires pour empêcher certaines attaques.
Les gens s'inquiètent parce que ton module pourrait grossir en accumulant des tonnes de règles spécifiques qui créeraient une sécurité apparente sans vraiment procurer une sécurité réelle.
Kees Cook a tenté de faire valoir son point de vue et a souligné la situation impossible dans laquelle il se trouvait confiné :
Vous pouvez voir, comme moi, que la situation est un catch 22. "Nous n'avons pas besoin de la fonction d'empilage parce qu'il n'y a rien à empiler" et "nous n'avons pas besoin d'un micro-module parce qu'il est impossible d'empiler les modules".
Le blocage étant total, il a été décidé d'attendre la prochaine conférence sur la sécurité du noyau afin que la situation se décante et que les protagonistes puissent se parler directement. C'est donc en septembre 2011 que James Morris et les autres développeurs responsables de la sécurité se sont retrouvés. Dans le programme, on peut voir que Kees Cook animait une discussion portant le titre suivant: « LSM Architecture: modularity, stacking ».
Le compte-rendu que Paul Moore a fait du « Linux Security Summit 2011 » indique que le sommet à bien joué son rôle et que l'avis des développeurs a changé au sujet du stacking et de la concurrence entre les modules. Cette évolution s'est matérialisée en mars 2012 quand James Morris a officiellement accepté d'intégrer le module de sécurité YAMA dans sa branche destinée au noyau Linux 3.4. Le fait que ce code soit déjà en cours d'utilisation dans divers projets n'est sans doute pas étranger à cette inclusion :
Le principal ajout est le nouveau module de sécurité YAMA, écrit par Kess Cook, et qui a été discuté l'année dernière au sommet sur la sécurité. Son but est de rassembler divers mécanismes de sécurité DAC en un seul endroit. Cela marque également un changement de politique en ce qui concerne les modules LSM qui étaient auparavant tous des mécanismes complets de contrôle d'accès.
Chromium OS utilise YAMA et je crois qu'il y a des plans pour Ubuntu.
Kees a précisé qu'en fait Ubuntu utilisait déjà YAMA depuis octobre 2011 et il a également fourni un lien vers l'inclusion de YAMA dans Chromium OS.
Selon la documentation présente dans les sources du noyau, on voit que seule la restriction de ptrace a été implémentée pour l"instant dans YAMA (just ptrace restrictions for now). Il est fort probable que les autres restrictions, celles qui concernent symlink et hardlink, intégreront plus tard le module.
Un choix est donc désormais offert entre l'implémentation (souvent difficile) d'une politique de sécurité complète ou bien l'activation d'un module visant à regrouper divers patchs de renforcement de la sécurité.
Nous verrons dans les prochains noyaux si la solution idéale que constituerait le « stacking LSM » parviendra à s'imposer.
Les distributions de Novell (SuSE Linux Enterprise) et d'Oracle (Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel) veulent absolument se différencier par rapport à Red Hat. C'est pour ça qu'elles ont choisi de supporter officiellement (1 - 2) le système de fichiers btrfs, même si il est encore considéré officiellement comme « experimental » dans la branche principale du noyau.
Leurs patchs de fiabilisation arrivent maintenant dans le noyau 3.4 afin que tous les utilisateurs puissent en profiter.
On trouve donc un gros patch de Jeff Mahoney, employé par SuSE, qui améliore la gestion des erreurs. Auparavant, c'était un simple et rustique appel à la macro BUG_ON qui était souvent utilisé (on enregistre l'erreur et on arrête le système). Maintenant la plupart des erreurs bénéficient d'un traitement spécifique et le crash du noyau est évité. Comme le résume Chris Mason :
Nous avons mergé les patchs de gestion d'erreurs venant de SuSE. Ils sont déjà incorporés dans le noyau SLES et ils apportent à Btrfs la possibilité d'interrompre les transactions et de passer en mode lecture seule en cas d'erreur.
Le message de Chris récapitule les autres nouveautés concernant btrfs pour cette version du noyau. On peut voir notamment qu'un gros travail de performances a été effectué sur la gestion des métadonnées, sur la coopération avec le cache de page de Linux ou encore sur la réduction de l'empreinte CPU (voir par exemple les patchs de Josef Bacik).
En ce qui concerne les métadonnées du système de fichiers il est possible d'utiliser des blocs plus grands que 4 Ko. La limite est maintenant portée à 64 Ko et les tests montrent que l'optimum du gain de performances est atteint avec une taille de bloc égale à 32 Ko. Cette fonction s'active lors de la création du système de fichiers avec mkfs.btrfs -l 32K.
Tout ce travail d'optimisation des performances porte ses fruits si on compare les graphes postés par Chris Mason entre les versions 3.3 et 3.4 du noyau.
Simplifications dans ext4En ce qui concerne le système de fichiers ext4, il n'y a pas de changements révolutionnaires, mais on trouve néanmoins plusieurs patchs de nettoyage intéressants.
Ted T'so, qui peste depuis plusieurs mois devant le nombre d'options présentes dans ext4, a procédé à diverses simplifications du code. Par exemple, l'option de montage journal=update, qui a été introduite il y a dix ans pour faciliter les migrations depuis ext3, a été retirée du noyau 3.4. C'est la même chose pour l'option resize permettant de changer la taille lors du mount. Après tout, on utilise resize2fs alors pourquoi avoir cette option redondante ?
Un autre patch utilise une table pour stocker les options de mount, ce qui, là encore, simplifie le code puisqu'on peut supprimer une centaine de lignes.
Ted a également proposé de retirer les options bsddf et bsdminix qui conduisent l'outil df à se comporter comme sous BSD ou MINIX… mais les cris d'orfraie sur la LKML l'ont finalement dissuadé.
Pas découragé pour autant, il a fait remarquer qu'ext4 était le seul système de fichiers à proposer une option permettant l'activation ou la désactivation des attributs étendus lors du mount (options noacl et nouser_xattr). C'est fort peu utile, mais avant de supprimer ce code, il faut tout de même alerter la communauté. Son patch se contente donc pour l'instant de marquer ces options comme obsolètes (deprecated) et elles seront probablement retirées dès le prochain noyau.
Dans cette version du noyau, l'architecture PowerPC a gagné un mécanisme de capture des donnés (dump) lors d'un éventuel crash de la machine. Ce nouveau système repose sur une coopération avec le firmware, ce qui explique son nom de fadump (firmware assisted dump).
Lors du boot initial le noyau se sert du firmware Power pour sélectionner des régions de la mémoire et les réserver au stockage des données pour analyse post-mortem. Au moment du crash, c'est le firmware qui prend la main et qui sauve les données (ainsi que les registres systèmes et les entrées dans la tables des pages).
Après ces opérations l'administrateur peut redémarrer normalement. Le noyau va noter qu'il y a eu un crash (puisqu'une entrée dump-kernel aura été créée) et il va soigneusement éviter de toucher les zones mémoire réservées. Un programme en espace utilisateur pourra ensuite être utilisé pour lire /proc/vmcore et récupérer ces données pour analyse ultérieure. Ensuite, il ne faudra pas oublier de faire un petit echo 1 > /sys/kernel/fadump_release_mem pour libérer la mémoire qui avait été réservée au stockage des données du crash.
La documentation de fadump écrite par Mahesh Salgaonkar explique les deux avantages de cette procédure par rapport aux classiques kexec et kdump. Tout d'abord, le système est réinitialisé proprement avec une version fraiche du noyau et ensuite, aussitôt que la copie du dump est effectuée, la mémoire peut être réutilisée. Pas besoin d'un second reboot.
Pour profiter des avantages de fadump il vous faudra un noyau compilé avec l'option de configuration CONFIG_FA_DUMP.
Le titre de ce paragraphe peut prêter à confusion puisqu'il ne s'agit pas du système de fichiers bien connu Unix File System mais bien de la norme Universal Flash Storage.
C'est l'organisation de standardisation JEDEC qui s'est chargée de créer cette nouvelle norme destinée au stockage sur mémoire Flash dans les appareils mobiles (smartphones, tablettes ou encore appareils photo). De nombreuses sociétés de l'embarqué (Nokia, Sony Ericsson, Texas Instruments, STMicroelectronics, Samsung, etc) ont travaillé à l'élaboration de la norme afin qu'elle offre une plus grande vitesse et une moindre consommation que le standard actuel des cartes SD. L'architecture de communication utilisée est similaire à SCSI afin de profiter de la gestion des commandes multiples et d'offrir un modèle de programmation bien connu.
Les patchs de Santosh Yaraganavi ajoutent au noyau le pilote UFS pour le host controller. Selon la documentation, un peu de travail reste à faire en ce qui concerne la gestion de la consommation, mais on peut noter que Linux est le premier OS à offrir la gestion de la norme « Universal Flash Storage ».
Camellia et crc32L'optimisation des algorithmes de chiffrement va peut-être devenir un paragraphe récurrent des dépêches noyau. En effet, après les patchs évoqué dans les dépêches du 3.2 et du 3.3, le développeur finlandais Jussi Kivilinna a frappé de nouveau.
Cette fois c'est l'algorithme Camellia qui est concerné. Rappelons qu'il s'agit de l'algorithme de chiffrement symétrique 128 bits arrivé en tête lors du concours NESSIE de l'Union européenne .
Comme pour ses patchs précédents Jussi a écrit une implémentation en assembleur optimisé pour l'architecture x86_64 (camellia-x86_64-asm_64.S). Le gain en performances est tout à fait notable par rapport au code C générique du noyau puisque, sur un processeur Core2 T8100, on relève un écart s'échelonnant de 10 % à plus de 70 % (en mode ECB).
Jussi Kivilinna n'est pas le seul à traquer la performance et le noyau Linux 3.4 incorpore également les patchs crc32 de Bob Pearson. Le contrôle de redondance cyclique (CRC pour Cyclic Redundancy Check) est utilisé partout afin de détecter les erreurs de transmission et il est important que le code soit optimisé soigneusement.
Bob a modifié le fonctionnement de la routine lib/crc32.c afin de remplacer la boucle principale et la boucle rem_le par des compteurs à incrémenter. Selon les tests on peut espérer un gain supérieur à 6 % sur architecture x86.
Comme le code semble dégrader les performances des PowerPC il a été entouré de ifdef CONFIG_X86 afin de ne pas pénaliser les autres architectures.
Depuis le noyau 3.2, la couche « device mapper » permet de faire de l'allocation fine et dynamique (thin provisioning). Dans le cadre d'un SAN, plutôt que d'allouer vraiment tous les blocs à un client, on va les allouer à la volée pour économiser de l'espace. Chacun des clients aura un volume virtuel à sa disposition, mais ce volume n'occupera que l’espace réellement consommé.
Cette cible DM de « thin provisioning » est maintenant capable de gérer la fameuse fonction discard. Cette commande est très importante pour les disques de stockage de type SSD (à base de mémoire flash), car elle permet au système d'exploitation d'indiquer au disque quels sont les blocs de données qui peuvent être effacés. Dans le cas du « thin provisioning » un appel à discard provoquera la suppression des mappings et, si les blocs ne sont plus partagés, l'ordre de suppression sera envoyé au périphérique sous-jacent.
Cette utilisation plus efficace du périphérique de stockage n'est pas la seule nouveauté intégrée dans la fonction de « thin provisioning » du noyau 3.4. On trouve également
Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Linux.org: Most of the time, the default storage engine as defined by the store_engine option in the MySQL config file is typically MyISAM, and this is usually what most people go with. Articles en rapport Dear Readers and Applicants, I must confess that I am extremely gratified by the number of amazingly talented and intelligent and fascinating young persons from four continents who applied for our internship. I feel sad that I can only take a maximum of two people but I would like to express my gratitude also to all the other remarkable individuals in the excellent pool of candidates: thank you so much for making the effort to apply. I am sorry that it didn't work out this time but I am glad that I got to know you a little bit, and I want to assure you that it was not necessarily a matter of any applicant being "better" than any other, it is just that I was looking for some specific skills and experience in certain areas. I wish you the best and hope that we have the opportunity to work together sometime in the future. And now without further ado here are the two 3QD interns for summer 2012: Proudly hailing from Washington, DC, Henry now lives in Connecticut where he studies philosophy and music at Wesleyan University. He has previously worked at the nationally syndicated public radio program Afropop. He has also spent time studying and being a middle-school English teacher's assistant in Israel. He writes a lot of essays, which sometimes he'll admit he enjoys, but he also enjoys running in the woods, playing crazy parties with his top-40 cover band, and banging on West-African drums with nearly-correct technique. And he is a pianist. Zujaja is a DPhil student researching military power and medical aid in Pakistan at Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar. A graduate of Brooklyn College, she will study medicine at Harvard Medical School after completing her DPhil. Born in Lahore, Zujaja left Pakistan with her family to escape persecution against Ahmadi Muslims, and someday, when she's finally out of the classroom, she hopes to return there and work to create an equitable and sustainable healthcare system. Welcome Zujaja and Henry and get ready for June 18th! You are now Associate Editors of 3QD. And thanks once again to all the brilliant people who applied. Yours, Abbas Articles en rapport by Namit Arora Let's begin by clarifying what "symbol" means here. One way to do this is to contrast symbols with signs. A sign, such as a red light, a grimace, a growl, or a thunderstorm, signifies something direct and tangible, making us think or act in response to the thing signified. Issuing and responding to signs is commonplace in Animalia. A symbol, on the other hand, is "something that represents something else by association, resemblance, or convention". A symbol allows us to think about the thing or idea symbolized outside its immediate context, such as the word "water" for the liquid, "7" for a certain quantity, and "flag" for a community. What is symbolized doesn't even have to be real, such as God, and herein lies the power of symbols—they are the building blocks of abstract and reflective thought. Evidence of material symbols used by humans dates back at least 60-100K years, when burial objects and decorated beads start to appear in archaeological finds. Linguistic symbols were almost certainly in use long before then. According to Susanne Langer, symbols serve "to liberate thought from the immediate stimuli of a physically present world; and that liberation marks the essential difference between human and nonhuman mentality ... Words, pictures, and memory images are symbols that may be combined and varied in a thousand ways." It is only through symbolic thought that we imagine the past or the future—mental time-travel, including episodic memory, requires the use of symbols. Indeed, language is really a system of symbolic communication, combining words (which are symbols) and syntax. If non-human animals lack symbols, what and how do they really think? Do Animals Live Only in the Moment? If it's true that we are the only species that uses symbols, then other animals, including intelligent problem-solvers, live purely in the moment and perceive only their immediate environments. They follow habit and reflex, have at best associative feelings and emotional states, and cannot think about anything in the past or the future, nor wilfully imagine fond objects they cannot see. For instance, per this view, a hungry dog cannot imagine in her mind a food bowl, nor imagine her pup that died yesterday (because this needs a mental image, i.e., a symbol for the bowl and the pup), nor plan with intent for a future event. Sure, past events may impact animal moods in the present—as from a beating a dog may have received—but the dog would not be able to recall the face or the location of the beater in her mind, until he reappears in person and awakens associative feelings. A lack of symbols would also imply that animals have no consciousness, if we assume that consciousness resides in at least a minimal "awareness of self", which is an abstract, symbolic idea. Animals like birds and mammals then, implies this view, live entirely in a state of "momentary sentience". They do little more than feel pleasure and pain, act out of instinct, and respond to signs using the physical abilities that evolution has granted them. Could this portrait be true? As support for this "no symbols" model of the animal mind, defenders claim that animals display no actual evidence of symbol use. But how solid is this claim? Can we reliably say that symbols are not being used in some cases? For instance, take the mating dance ritual of Blue-footed Boobies, during which the male gives the female "a small stone or stick. He then tips his beak, tail, and wing tips to the sky and whistles." If there were any symbolic import in the stone vs. the stick, or its size and weight, or in the type of whistle, how would we know it? When a chipmunk stashes away nuts for the winter, is that purely instinctive or is a certain symbolic conception of a cold, nutless future mixed in? Do elephants invest a certain amount of symbolism in mourning their dead? There may well be no symbolic import in these examples, but if there were some, how would we know? Then there is the vast range of non-visual expression in the animal world, such as alarms calls and smells, where symbols may exist but to which we are usually oblivious. For instance, vervet monkeys, writes James R Hurford, "use a 'bark', a 'cough' or a 'chutter' to communicate the presence, respectively, of a leopard, an eagle, or a snake. There is nothing (as far as we know) inherently leopardlike in a bark, or inherently barklike in a leopard. It seems more reasonable to grant that the vervets are using genuinely arbitrary symbols", especially since the calls do not follow a stimulus-response mode and depend on context; the calls are likelier if one's own offspring need protection rather than unrelated juveniles, or if a female needs to be impressed. Prairie dogs have dozens of unique alarm calls for different predators, including "different ones for humans with or without guns." Perhaps all this is one hundred percent biological programming untainted by symbol use, but how do we know for sure? Herein lies a genuine epistemological problem. How do we know the inner experience of animals like chipmunks, monkeys, and elephants, each with its unique and frequently prodigious capacities of sight, smell, memory, taste, sound, locomotion, spatial cognition, echolocation, geomagnetic navigation, and more? In recent decades, experiments and systematic observations have seriously questioned the "no symbols" model. We now know that many animals, including chimpanzees, whales, dolphins, and even African Grey parrots, at least have the capacity for symbol use. The behavior of the bonobo in Susan Savage-Rumbaugh's video is a great argument for why symbol use is likely continuous with other animals. Three years ago a chimp "jolted the research community by providing some of the strongest evidence yet that nonhumans could plan ahead". At least one study describes how Capuchin monkeys were taught the use of certain symbols. While evidence for a capacity does not constitute evidence for its active use, these findings are notable. Does evolution commonly provision unused capacities? In fact, a range of studies have revealed animal behaviors that, in humans, involve symbol use. Some birds "can recall past events and use the information to plan for the future". Many species "show behavioral manifestations of different features of episodic memory". Tool-using beavers have "been observed gathering material they need before starting to build, which shows forethought." The ability to correctly order numerical quantities exists in many species. Flexible and contextual deceptive behaviors, such as playing-dead to escape certain types of predators, are practiced by some birds and mammals. Behaviors suggesting metacognition—the knowledge of what one knows—have been detected in rats. Pigs are apparently capable of "visual perspective taking, which is the ability to assume what the other [weaker pig] sees and to adjust one's own behavior accordingly", suggesting "a degree of theory of mind". Several species have passed the mirror self-recognition test—including magpies, which belong to a distant evolutionary lineage from us—even as many other animals may get more of their "sense of self" from better developed aural, olfactory, tactile, and other sensory information. While not conclusive, these findings are significant enough to have thrown wide open the big question: What can we justifiably say about the inner lives of animals? § Since the 1970s, many cognitive ethologists and other specialists who study animals have challenged old orthodoxies about animal minds, including many implications of the "no symbols" model. This has invited accusations of naïve anthropomorphism from some who appeal to "reason" and "parsimony" (as if these weren't eternally corruptible human constructs. Their accusations in fact remind me of the "relativism" bogey). To be fair, it is also true that many animal lovers tend to inflate or misrepresent the capacities of animals; our folk stories, animated cartoons, and casual talk routinely invest human-like thought to them. Though we share a lot in common, humans are clearly not the same as other animals, who almost certainly don't sit around and argue about their models of the human mind. Having said that, how deeply does one's head have to be buried in the sand to defend the "no-symbols" model today, versus one that is more elastic and non-binary on the question of symbol use and is better able to account for observed animal behaviors? A model, for instance, that embraces a gradualist and nonlinear evolutionary approach to animal minds, and permits many species some symbols both inside and out, giving them a certain sense of time, episodic memory, and intent. (Arguably, we too use lots of prelinguistic symbols that remain inside, and of which we are only partly aware. Human social and sexual relations, for instance, abound in subterranean and primordial symbols of power and desire—all part of the substrate in which our newly learned and linguistic symbols likely take hold.) Migratory cranes and whales have navigation skills far superior to anything humans possess, but this does not mean humans have zero navigation sense. Likewise for symbol use. Where humans have the crane-like advantage is in our ability to "learn massive numbers of arbitrary symbols" and to give expression to them (in art, ritual, language, etc.)—adaptations fueled by our more complex social lives. __________________________ This essay was motivated by an exchange on another 3QD thread with my friend, Chris Schoen, to whom I'm grateful for that discussion. My breathing system seems to be: Conjoined There are mountains in this pic of withered leaves— and voids bright spines light filaments sucked dioxide carbon in, dry lungs of trees sister lungs as close and tight as twins; consider: when that one dies by Jim Culleny by Randolyn Zinn Ed and I met In the early 1980s when we were teaching artists together at Lincoln Center Institute--the aesthetic education program that matches artists with schoolteachers to prepare students for seeing productions of dance, theater and music. Randolyn Zinn: What year was that exactly…? Ed Bilous: Had to be between ‘81 and ’83. I was working on my PhD at Juilliard at the time. RZ: Just think, no cell phones or Internet. The extent of personal technology were our SONY Walkmans and telephone answering machines with tiny reel-to-reel tapes inside. You couldn’t dial in for your messages from outside the house. EB: That’s right. RZ: So how did you become so adept with technology and its interface with music? EB: Technology has always been a part of music making. The shift from harpsichord to piano was largely a technological revolution, as was the creation of the organ. When you think about early composers a thousand years ago, their resources were fairly undeveloped, basically just primitive string and wind instruments. Bit by bit, technological changes brought them to life in a way that allowed far more expressivity and creativity until we got the kind of instruments we see in the orchestra today. The transformation from harpsichord to piano is amazing. The harpsichord doesn’t really have dynamics; you play loud or you play soft, but you can’t really achieve a crescendo. Having that ability with the piano transformed music making and a whole new kind of playing and composing. Trumpets went from just being bugle-like things, cones of brass, to instruments with valves that allow all kinds of sophisticated chromatics and articulation. So…technology has always been a part of music. RZ: I’m wondering if this intersection of music with computer and video challenges the classical music world’s status quo. Their mission, or a large part of their mission, seems to be about sustaining the musical canon in its historically intact form. EB: You’re right, it does. What we’ll be doing in the Center is not only doing new works that use technology, but also devising productions of master works by looking at them through the new lens of technology. I’ll give you an example of how we have recreated an older work using technology. There‘s the wonderful Bach Chaconne, one of the most famous pieces ever written and certainly the most famous piece for solo violin. Some musicologists believe the piece was based on a hymn. There is a study and a recording of this work in which we hear the solo violin perform the piece with a vocal part mysteriously woven through like a ghost-like presence that doesn’t appear in Bach’s score, but the musicologist that created this version believes the vocal line is implicit, or sort of buried in the score. So what we did was to have a solo violin on stage performing the piece as written and then a pre-recorded vocal part that was triggered by a dancer who did a solo with the violinist. The vocal track was triggered by hand gestures so that the recording of the voice sort of wafted through the audience via speakers surrounding the hall. On the one hand, it was a perfectly beautiful performance by the violinist that Bach would have been happy with--we didn’t change any of the notes—and then this other element was mysteriously woven through in a very magical way through the use of technology. We also did an interesting production of a work by Pérotin, a 12th century composer (1160—1225). While notated, his music doesn’t really have much beyond text and pitches, so if there was some instrumental accompaniments and doublings in his day, it’s not clear from the score what they might have been or how it sounded, so it’s up to the performers’ interpretations. Most of the time it’s done as a cappella singing or with organ. We performed some of his works with vocalists doubled with electronic sounds surrounding the hall that were triggered, again, by choreography. RZ: Could you explain what the Yamaha Disklavier does? EB: It’s a wonderful instrument. A single Disklavier is basically a grand piano, and Yamahas’s latest, newest models are competitive on the highest level with every other piano manufacturer, fabulous-sounding traditional instruments that you could put onstage at Carnegie Hall and play Brahms. But what’s really wonderful is that they come in pairs with a variety of options. On the first of the two, sensors under the keys and pedals register and store every bit of motion that happens as the performer plays: all the fingerings, all the phrasing, all the pedal work, whether legato or staccato, and so on. Then all that info is sent via the Internet to the twin piano and those exact motions of the first are recreated through certain mechanisms so you see the keys and the pedals move on the twin instrument. EB: Yes. When I learned of these instruments and saw their potential, I had an idea to do a piece by John Cage that requires several pianos. I set up one pianist participating in Tokyo, one in Los Angles, and the third one in New York. The pianists in Tokyo and L.A. were playing -- you could see them on a video screen--and the twins of their instruments were in New York where the audience watched the keys and pedals moving. It was a little like being at a séance. RZ: Do most of the Center’s projects stem from music and musical impulses? EB: Yes. Students of Music and Composition seem to have a more direct connection with technology – and I don’t want to seem prejudicial here -- but more connection than I’ve seen with actors and dancers. I don’t know why that is. Students will come to Juilliard as violinists or pianists or composers with composing software loaded on their computers. Dancers and actors might edit their performances on FinalCut or iMovie, but their creative impulses don’t begin there – or not that I’ve seen. That could change. While dance might look somewhat different from 50, 100, or 300 years ago, musicians today couldn’t pick up an instrument created 300 years ago and play it. The fingering is different, the tuning, the manner in which one plays has changed dramatically with technology…as I mentioned before about the differences between the harpsichord and the piano. By the nature of their trade, musicians are forced to stay in touch with machines in a way that a dancer or an actor is not. RZ: Because, for actors and dancers, their bodies are their instruments. EB: That’s right. RZ: What do you teach at Juilliard? And will your course load change now that you’re the director of the Center for Innovation in the Arts? EB: I started teaching Intro level Music Theory in the Drama, Dance and Music programs at Juilliard after earning my PhD there. Then I became the Chairman of the Music Theory department, but 15 years in, it became clear to me that the school needed to have technology offerings if we were going to really prepare young musicians for careers in the 21st century. So I got permission from the school and a substantial donation early on to build a music technology center in 1993, which very quickly caught on and was in high demand with the students. When the school built the extension and the new addition, we created the new music technology center and a multi-media black box theater that we now oversee, the Willson Theatre, named after Meredith Willson. I also teach art in education and classes in interdisciplinary work in technology. RZ: So is Juilliard leading the way with this new Center? EB: Now we are. In the 1970s there were other schools with music technology. Our new center is interdisciplinary. It’s not at all about research and development; it’s project-oriented. We pull creative people together and light the spark to send them making new work. RZ: Will the Center have its own roster of students? EB: It will draw from all departments. My personal goal is to try and create a special certificate program where a student could be an actor, dancer or musician and have something akin to a minor or an emphasis doing interdisciplinary work and work with technology. RZ: Can you do interactive performances within in the building? EB: Absolutely. RZ: Do only faculty at Juilliard get to participate or will you cast a wider net? EB: We’ve always involved artists outside the building, especially filmmakers or visual or multimedia artists because we don’t have those kinds of artists here in the building, so that’s been a natural. We reach out to alumni who have gone on to create careers that are a little broader and use skills and technology that are outside the classical purview. I do think it’s important to cast, as you say, a wider net. Also, we now have the capability via the Internet to collaborate with artists all over the world, and likewise, to share our work with artists elsewhere. RZ: Say a student in the drama department wants to spearhead a project, is that possible? EB: Yes, in fact there are 2 such proposals from drama students on my desk right now. RZ: Does the Center offer a pre-determined season and/or allow for spontaneous laboratory projects within the school year? EB: That’s the million dollar question. We do have two fixed concert programs: one in November, eVirtuosos, focusing on music and technology, and then in April InterArts, featuring interdisciplinary work. The dream is to use our wonderful new black box theater as a lab space so students can go in and play and explore without the pressure of creating something that must be performed -- or maybe it could go on to be performed. But our students are so incredibly busy; we’re working on how to figure out ways to open up windows of opportunities for them. The Willson Theater was designed specifically for these multimedia interdisciplinary works. RZ: Does the Willson have its own technical director? EB: It does, plus a sound engineer, lighting engineer, a whole team, and of course, Internet access. RZ: So I noticed upstage center a projection screen that rolls down. Is that the only place available for a screen? EB: No, in fact, we’ve used multiple projection surfaces in other areas. RZ: Great. So could performers carry small screens on their bodies, say? EB: That’s right. RZ: Or costumes that can display projected images? EB: Yes. Honestly, I’m a little weary seeing a string quartet with a video projected overhead. Hearkens back to the days of silent movies. The idea of making projection surfaces as flexible as the ensemble itself is part of the vision. RZ: What happens in the summer? EB: The school shuts down. I want to create a summer program for students interested in collaborating on multimedia projects. The goal is to create a 4 -6 week program from May until June to develop work, and then when we pick up in September we could start rehearsing in earnest with a performance date in March. RZ: Has the Center come about because of your own compositional interests? And how do you think your work will be affected by what you’re doing here? EB: I think it’s fair to say that the Center exists because of my work and the fact that I had persuaded the President of Juilliard Joseph Polisi and the Board that an understanding of technology is essential for educated artists today, even if they don’t use it; just to know it’s out there is important. It would be like a composer that understands how to write for strings and brass but doesn’t know what woodwinds are capable of. But a lot of the energy for this movement comes from the students themselves. They say, gee, we’d like to go to Juilliard for all the usual reasons, but we also don’t want to miss out on these other technological opportunities at these other universities. Our goal was to make sure we could offer those same opportunities, if not go beyond them. RZ: Are you worried that students will leave behind certain key understandings in their studies? EB: I’m not worried, but there are some faculty members who are and I understand their position. For example, it’s difficult enough for a young pianist or violinist to develop the skill and artistry needed to be in the front of the pack, meaning that they not only get heard and seen, but make a living too. So there are many faculty members that believe that while this technology stuff is interesting, it’s a diversion from practice time, from focusing on the basic canon. RZ: You’re doing the rebellious stuff. EB: (laughs) We are kind of off in the corner of the building here, where the irreverent stuff happens. RZ: I notice the office we’re meeting in today is called The Play Room. EB: Yes. You know, in the Drama and Dance divisions there are so many opportunities for the students to play and put on masks, but in the Music division it never happens. RZ: Not even in the Jazz program? EB: Well, even so, the Jazz division is very rigorous and disciplined. In the Classical Music division, you wake up and your hours are organized from September through May. What you do with your instrument is extremely regimented. The thought that you might wander into a space, explore and try things out, feeling free to make mistakes…music students just didn’t have those kind of opportunities here. So in establishing our environment in the Center for creativity, The Play Room is a space where students know they can come in and play, just like when they were children. RZ: Ed, you’ve found a way to be rebellious and respectful at the same time. EB: (laughs) It’s been a balancing act. RZ: What are you doing now in your own work? EB: Right now I’m developing a piece that’s been in the works for some time that uses women’s voices, an assortment of instruments and new media. The piece is based on the Gospel According to Mary Magdalene, a Gnostic gospel. There are a couple of venues possible for the premiere, but nothing’s settled, so I can’t speak specifically about dates. It’s apiece that been very close to my heart for some time, not only for spiritual reasons and philosophical interests of mine, but also for the musical possibilities. RZ: You’re working on something else, too…inspired by Facebook? When I became acquainted with the blog, I realized that there was a work of art in it, even though it was a work of journalism. We reached out to him and I asked if we could take his images and some of the text on Facebook and adapt it for a staged performance. He agreed, and in March we did a concert on our series Beyond The Machine. The piece features two actors speaking text posted from the blog, photos and film as the set design, and a musical ensemble in the middle playing a score that tied it all together. We’re exploring possibilities to perform it again at the UN. We’re also having some conversations with people in Washington, as well as the possibility of taking it on tour to military bases. RZ: So your thoughts on technology in regards to teaching…. EB: I think media education should be less about data transference than the creation of new work. RZ: Thanks, Ed. This has been great. EB: Thank you, Randolyn. Here's the video of Ed's inspiring speech about our educational system, re-imagined with art placed at its dynamic center. **** For more on Ed and to listen to his music go to: by Rafiq Kathwari As a boy, I stole An art merchant, by Rishidev Chaudhuri Like the rest of us poor mortals, wandering in constant confusion between things and the names for things, bewitched by language and unable to resist it, mathematicians and physicists are constantly struggling with their representations and yet entirely reliant upon them to grasp the world. Many of the fundamental intuitions that we start to describe the world with are geometric or spatial: this is a point; this is another point; walk in this direction to get from the first point to the second; this is the path a particle takes. If we want to make this precise, to describe and classify and manipulate and compute, we need to be able to make these statements precise. The simple act of drawing a pair of coordinate axes on a flat surface and using pairs of numbers to describe points is extraordinarily powerful, yoking algebra and symbolic manipulation to geometry and spatial intuition, and it unlocks for us a language within which to watch spatial and temporal processes unfold. Similarly, describing points on the surface of the Earth by pairs of numbers (latitude and longitude are the most common) allows us to specify locations relative to other locations, to calculate distances and trajectories and to describe and communicate quantities that vary across the surface of the Earth, like weather patterns and temperatures. But in picking a particular representation we've done a certain violence to the geometric structure we started with, by forcing an arbitrary layer of description on top. We might have decided to describe points relative to axes at right angles, like so: But we could equally well have rotated the axes, or shifted the center, or chosen axes that were at other angles, like so: Similarly, the standard way to describe points on the surface of the Earth is by their distance from the equator (i.e. latitude) and their distance from a line perpendicular to the equator and passing through Greenwich (longitude), but I could choose to describe places by how far away they are from my house and in which direction relative to some local landmark. And this is how we generally give directions locally. And so, now that we've introduced a way of describing space, we have to be careful that we don't get led astray by our representations, and that we keep separate the convenient descriptors that we use and the spatial and physical quantities that we're trying to describe. Depending on our system of representation, the particular coordinates attached to London and New York might vary dramatically. But our calculation of the physical distance between them shouldn't depend on how we've chosen to represent them. Physicists and mathematicians have developed a lot of theory to derive and explain which quantities are physically meaningful (e.g. the distance between London and New York) and which quantities are simply consequences of the particular representation that we have chosen (e.g. the longitude of New York). This is often not trivial. For example, as Einstein famously found, the distance in space between events will be calculated differently by observers moving at different velocities (a form of coordinate dependence), but there is a quantity called the interval that combines the distance and time between events that all observers can agree on.
Once we have our coordinate systems and some notion of which quantities are physically meaningful and which aren't, we also have to figure out how to transform quantities from one coordinate system to another. This is both true of the accidental quantities, like the particular labels associated to points (which will depend on the particular coordinate system), and the essential ones, like the distance between points. The rules to calculate these essential quantities might depend on the particular coordinate system but the quantities that result from applying the rules shouldn't. So, for example, if we want to calculate the distance between two points, and our coordinate axes are perpendicular, we can just add the sums of the squares of the distances along each coordinate axis (this is Pythagoras' theorem). On the other hand, if our coordinate axes are at some other angle to each other, the distance calculation becomes more complicated (but some other computation might become simpler). This is a general trope, and is a common strategy for attacking physical problems. Just like certain philosophical problems are intractable in the language of the Middle Ages and immediately transparent in modern language, the right choice of coordinate system can make a problem trivial to solve1. Geometric ideas and spatial intuition are very valuable. Few people immediately grasp the meaning of a set of equations or symbols, and often when we say we understand something, we mean that we have a mental picture of it. We've used the introduction of symbolic representation to bring the computational machinery of algebra to geometry, but this step also opens up the possibility of going the other way, and attaching space and geometry to problems that are framed symbolically. The “spaces” that emerges in these situations are more abstract than physical space, but they carry with them many of the same structures -- abstractions of geometric notions like distances, directions and trajectories. And many physical and mathematical problems share the same deep structure, one that is obscured by their particular representation but revealed by the abstract geometric structure underlying them (I will resist the temptation to draw some mystical neo-Platonic moral from this). The dual movement, from algebra and symbols to geometry and pictures and back is a fundamental pattern of mathematical thought and is almost always fruitful. If you've ever graphed a relationship (say the population of a country over time, or how the production of a country varies with its population), you've already taken advantage of the transformation from symbolic relationships into geometrical ones. Studying the geometric structures associated with sets of equations that describe physical systems is particularly productive. As an example, consider the venerable favorite of the physicist: the pendulum. The structures underlying the behavior of a pendulum are ubiquitous2; roughly, they are the model for things that go round and round, or show repeated behavior. So we start our pendulum off and let it swing. A convenient way to describe its position is by the angle it makes as it swings. Once we let the pendulum go, the angle will decrease from a maximum value to zero (in the center), then increase to the same maximum value on the other side and then return. When the angle is zero the pendulum will be going at its fastest, and when the angle is at its greatest the pendulum is stationary. This is a common pattern underlying oscillatory behavior. If this isn't intuitive, think of a swing –- the swing is fastest in the middle and hangs in the air at the ends before it changes direction. Similarly, the sun is moving north at its fastest during the vernal equinox and comes to a halt before changing directions during the solstice. What can we do with this picture of the pendulum? More precisely, how can we use this space that we've described the pendulum's behavior in. Note that one direction in this space represents position and the other represents velocity3, so this space isn't a physical space. As a start, observe that we don't need more quantities to predict where the pendulum is going. Given its position and how fast and in what direction it's moving, we can predict where it's going to be next. So a two-dimensional abstract space is sufficient. This is what physicists mean when they talk about the dimension of a system. So far we've taken a physical system and, by plotting some of its aspects against each other, represented it in some abstract space. What if we take this space seriously, as a geometric object in its own right? The aspects of the system that we've used to enter into this space are coordinates (here, position and velocity), describing points in the space, and we can start to ask the same sorts of questions as we did before. Are these good coordinates? Are there other representations that would serve our purposes better? Are there fundamental relationships in this space that must be preserved, relationships between points or along the paths the system takes? As one might imagine, these are all very useful questions. For example, as with our calculations on physical space, looking for good coordinates is often the way to solve differential equations: with certain sets of coordinates the behavior of the system looks very simple and its paths can be described very easily. Once you start to look for them, abstract spaces are everywhere. For a very different example, consider a set of pictures of faces. Say we're taking low resolution pictures of faces with a 100x100 pixel camera. Each picture consists of a set of 10,000 numbers, with each number corresponding to the color at a particular point4 . The space of face pictures can be thought of as a geometric space, too, with 10,000 coordinates corresponding to the 10,000 points in each picture. Rather than the two-dimensional space that the pictures are representing, we now have a 10,000 dimensional space and each picture is a single point in this space. And, again, we can start to ask geometric questions. For example, is there a meaningful notion of distance in this space, perhaps based on how similar two pictures are. We can also start to interrogate our coordinates. For example, if I was describing a face (or a picture of a face) to you, I'd be unlikely to give you a list of color values at each point. Instead, I might give you a “value” for hair color, another one for nose shape and a third for hair style. This is another coordinate system. In theory, if I wanted to describe the face completely, I'd need to give you many more coordinates; for example, these few coordinates don't tell you whether the face has freckles and what the position of particular freckles are. But here we've packed most of the information into the first few coordinates (nose-shape, eye-color); this is unlike in the list-of-pixels set of coordinates, where any given subset of coordinates (values of pixel color in the middle of the face, for example), is relatively uninformative. This is another possible criterion for what makes a coordinate system valuable; if there's some underlying structure in the space, then capturing as much of that structure as possible in the first few coordinates is often a good way to proceed, especially if we don't care about exactly representing points in the space (here, faces) but rather, just want to represent them approximately and efficiently for some particular task (for example, I don't need to know the exact pattern of freckles on someone's face to identify them). And there exist procedures going the other way: given a set of points in some space, represented by some coordinate system, how do we find a new coordinate system that efficiently captures the location of a point using only a few coordinates5. A number of people tell me they loved geometry in school, and seem puzzled and somewhat sad that their later mathematical education seems to have degenerated into a series of symbolic manipulations and computations. To a large extent, this is a consequence of the particular topics chosen for high school mathematics and of the fact that many math classes are taken as preparation for calculations in introductory physics or economics. But geometry doesn't disappear, and the grand currents of geometric thought multiply and spread out as one goes further, running through much of modern mathematics. One of the most exhilarating intellectual moments is when a profusion of symbols and equations suddenly resolves itself into a simple moment of underlying geometric intuition, a picture that seems both profound and inevitable. And for whatever reason, the intuition of space, seemingly one of the most primitive and concrete intuitions we have, reveals itself hidden behind our most abstract thoughts. ------------------------------------------------ 1How this happens, and which coordinate systems should correspond to which problems is a fascinating subject, and one that involves its own mathematical machinery. As an example, many problems that involve multiple interacting components in one coordinate system separate into a series of simpler non-interacting subproblems in the right coordinate system. It is hard to exaggerate how useful this idea has been. 2I should note that I'm talking about an idealized pendulum that has been displaced only a small amount from its center. See the Wikipedia page on “harmonic oscillator” if you're curious. At times it can seem like most of an undergraduate physics education is encountering harmonic oscillators in increasingly abstract contexts. 3I'm being sloppy with units. 4Or, if this picture is in color, each of the 10,000 points has three numbers. The three numbers are often the values of red, green and blue at that point. But note that this is a particular set of coordinates used to describe the (abstract) space of colors, and there exist other coordinate systems, adapted for different purposes, and formulas for moving between them. See [en.wikipedia.org] , for example. 5For a fun illustration of this using faces, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenface by Mara Jebsen I met a tipsy older lady in a place; She said, "Honey, it doesn't really come clear 'til you're sixty." But she wouldn't say what. The television was blaring about chimpanzees. Some journalist had likened our president to a chimp. Meanwhile, a chimp named Travis was reported to have sipped wine; and more recently tea, laced with Xanax, before his "unprecedented killing spree." The reporters said Travis "had no history of violence," but one of my students, who'd grown up in T's town knew a guy Travis had attacked-back when they were kids. The bartender, Gene checked it on his i-phone, and there were photos of the owner--or should I say "mother?" snuggled up tight with the chimp, before bed.
It's a modern tragedy, they said (Travis is dead now) and there's such vague pity and unlocalized outrage that I can't figure out what I'm thinking. Yesterday I sat kind of across from Justin Timberlake. He had juice. I was eating a Cuban sandwich. I wanted to tell him that my sisters adore his albums; that he cracked me up in his leotard when he danced on SNL, and that I really wasn't sure about his clothing line idea, but Jessica Biel was there and I didn't have the nerve. Can any of this really come clear, when you're sixty? The lady was ripping pages out of a magazine from Sotheby's. She said, "You want em?" " I took the good art out." and I took them gently from her because it seemed polite. She'd left La Misericorde, which is a man in a suit, whose head is an eyeball, and near him is a fire, on a strange blue plain. The caption says Magritte shows the modern man, confronted by fetish, desire, the unknown. There's a squarish object in the great, healthy fire—but its not at all clear what's burning. by Omar Ali The State of Islam tells the story of the Pakistani nation-state through the lens of the Cold War, and more recently the War on Terror, in order to shed light on the domestic and international processes behind the rise of militant Islam across the world. Unlike existing scholarship on nationalism, Islam, and the state in Pakistan, which tends to privilege events in a narrowly-defined political realm, The State of Islam is a Gramscian analysis of cultural politics in Pakistan from its origins to the contemporary period. The author uses the tools of cultural studies and postcolonial theory to understand what is at stake in discourses of Islam, socialism, and the nation in Pakistan... She also states that: I wanted to subvert this discourse by highlighting the complexity of Pakistan’s history and the primacy of people’s struggles within it, as well as the role of the US-aligned establishment (and, at key junctures, liberals) in quashing these struggles and the alternate political and cultural visions they embodied. It is indeed possible to write a good work of history that is also a subtle work of socialist (or other) propaganda and that appeals to the author’s in-group while reaching a larger audience. But this takes a lot of skill and experience and Ms Toor, unfortunately, is unable to manage this feat. In her youthful enthusiasm for her version of the socialist cause (a cause she formally joined by becoming a member of the Pakistan workers and peasants party or Mazdoor Kissan Party, while back in Pakistan researching her PhD thesis) leads her to shoehorn every event into an academic-Marxist narrative that owes more to to Tariq Ali and fashionable Wesern academic prejudices than to the actual history of Pakistan. Of course, it is possible for youthful enthusiasm to produce a great book (John Reed’s “Ten days that shook the world” comes to mind) but unfortunately, this is not that book. This is not to say the book has nothing of value. Far from it. While the viewpoint of the author is not as rare in the West as she implies (analysis similar to the author’s is regularly published in the London Review of Books (Tariq Ali), the New York Times (Pankaj Mishra), the New York Review of Books (Mishra and others) and constitutes dominant/mainstream opinion in the fields of culture studies, critical theory, postcolonialism and even South Asian history) there is a tendency in the mass media to reduce Pakistan (and not just Pakistan..they are not only shooting at Yossarian) to a few soundbites. And these days the favored soundbites are indeed about Islamic fanatics and terrorism. In this always simplified world, it is easy to lose sight of the fact that Pakistan is a country of 200 million people and they do have a history (and not just as Pakistan, some of them being older than Pakistan). One part of that history is cultural history and and it is this history that forms the core of Saadia Toor’s book. She has done real research in this area and anyone reading the book will find out many new details about the language movement in Bengal and the progressive writer’s association and its suppression by the state. The role of the cold war in these culture wars and how communism and anti-communism were deployed to resist US influence or to beg for more of it are also front and center in the book. There are quotes from the protagonists and detailed references to half-forgotten episodes. Anyone interested in Urdu literature in particular will find the book and its anecdotes fascinating and enlightening. Though the author is sympathetic to other languages and their struggles within Pakistan in principle, the focus is almost entirely on Urdu literature. The book also highlights the role played by the left-wing in Pakistani politics and the Left’s harsh suppression by the military-bureaucratic elite. The scale of left wing organization may never have been as great as its fans (or the state) imagined, but there is a story there and Ms Toor tells it in greater detail than most. In all this, it’s a very interesting book and one that Pakistanis of a particular class and age will want to have in their library. Unfortunately for the author’s political beliefs, that class is not the proletariat but the super-elite, but if that's how it is with cultural history so be it. But while the book contains a wealth of anecdotes about the cultural and political history of Pakistan, it is damaged by her determination to not only impose a generally left wing lens on her story, but to impose a particular Western left wing lens in which no one except the West and their organized left wing opponents have any agency. She is unwilling to accept that events like partition, military takeovers and the rise of Islamist forces in Pakistan may have aspects that do not neatly fit into a dichotomy of evil Western imperialism and heroic left wing resistance to the same. Working backwards from a particular leftist critique of the “war on terror” (one which insists on seeing all Western actions as conspiracies against the working class and all resistance to such actions as the fight-back of the proletariat) Ms Toor is quick to attack any narrative that distracts from this schema. Partition and the religious terms in which the demand for Pakistan were couched are an inconvenience in this regard and she is determined to pre-empt any such distraction. So she insists that “the ideology of Muslim nationalism that underpinned the demand for Pakistan embodied an ethnic and not a religious nationalism”. What does that even mean? Were the Muslims of India a separate ethnicity from their neighboring Hindus and Sikhs? It seems that the main motivation for this strange assertion is the urge to shoot down any notion that religion (and particularly Islam) may have had something to do with partition. Continuing with this theme, she also condemns Rushdie for calling Pakistan “a place insufficiently examined” and she does so on the basis that ALL nationalisms are “a discourse of power and as such always deeply contested”. But while that is true enough as far as it goes, it is not hard to imagine that there CAN be nationalisms that are “insufficiently examined”. Nationalism is elastic, but it is not infinitely elastic. The distance from imagination to actual state may be greater or smaller and in some cases the problems to be solved may be overwhelming. Pakistan, in this sense, was insufficiently imagined. Muslims in India lived all over India (though with some concentrations in the East and West) and spoke dozens of languages and followed multiple sects and so on…to take some of them (and not even the ones most threatened by any Hindu majoritarianism) and unite them into a unified state whose halves were separated by a thousand miles and a large gulf of culture and language did prove to be “insufficiently imagined”. Whether the remaining Pakistan can sufficiently imagine a Pakistani nationalism that does not involve suppressing smaller nationalities and imposing a fascist version of Islam as a unifying force remains to be seen, but is hardly beyond question. But Ms Toor is extremely sensitive to the possibility that such questions are being raised on behalf of “Western imperialism and the war on terror” and will have none of it. She goes so far as to suggest that “the contentious debates among Pakistani intellectuals over what constituted Pakistani nationalism should be seen as reflecting the vibrant and dynamic nature of the politico-ideological field in Pakistan” , which sound suspiciously like too much apologizing. But let us leave partition and the ideology of Pakistan aside. These are contentious issues and ones that Westernized Pakistani intellectuals find especially difficult to deal with because “the academy” does not provide a good ready-made analysis that can “save the appearances”. The task is not beyond the resources of a good dialectician, but has not been satisfactorily performed yet, so let us not fault this book for failing to provide a satisfactory solution. What is problematic is that this ideological bias continues to undermine the book's later portions as well. After tackling parition, Ms Toor also insists on fitting every twist and turn of subsequent Pakistani politics into a simplified version of cold war politics. This is not to say that cold war politics had no impact on Pakistani politics. In fact, people like Wali Khan have implied that the very creation of Pakistan was a part of imperial and cold war politics (this is the thesis that the Pakistan movement was mainly a British plot to protect their empire and that eventually Pakistan was created as a way to weaken potentially socialist India and to create an Islamic buffer state against Soviet expansion towards the “warm waters”..one may regard this as the anti-paknationalist version of partition). There is also ample evidence that the United States spent money to support Islamist politics as a way to counter communism (there is also evidence that the Soviet Union spent money to support communists); and the effort to find and exterminate communists under every bed was indeed a daily priority of the US embassy and its agents. This cold war lens also caused the US to look kindly upon the military-bureaucratic elite in Pakistan and to encourage it to suppress every mass movement that arose in the country. These cold war priorities also caused the US to look the other way during massacres in Bangladesh in 1971 and to contemplate intervening on Pakistan’s side in its war with India. But Ms Toor presents this history with the emphasis entirely on US machinations, as if its collaborators in Pakistan had no ambitions, needs or plans of their own. In actual fact, the military bureaucratic elite in Pakistan figured out very early that US assistance could be arranged if they were seen to be fighting the demon of communism and they made sure the US embassy was always aware of the communist threat and their heroic (and expensive) efforts to combat this threat. Jinnah himself was not blind to the possibilities and dangled the anti-communist bait in front of every interested Western visitor. The following account is from a book by Margaret Bourke-White and I am quoting at some length because I think it is remarkably prescient about many things: ..(Jinnah said) "Of course it will be a democratic constitution; Islam is a democratic religion." I ventured to suggest that the term "democracy" was often loosely used these days. Could he define what he had in mind? "Democracy is not just a new thing we are learning," said Jinnah. "It is in our blood. We have always had our system of zakat -- our obligation to the poor." This confusion of democracy with charity troubled me. I begged him to be more specific. "Our Islamic ideas have been based on democracy and social justice since the thirteenth century." This mention of the thirteenth century troubled me still more. Pakistan has other relics of the Middle Ages besides "social justice" -- the remnants of a feudal land system, for one. What would the new constitution do about that? .. "The land belongs to the God," says the Koran. This would need clarification in the constitution. Presumably Jinnah, the lawyer, would be just the person to correlate the "true Islamic principles" one heard so much about in Pakistan with the new nation's laws. But all he would tell me was that the constitution would be democratic because "the soil is perfectly fertile for democracy." What plans did he have for the industrial development of the country? Did he hope to enlist technical or financial assistance from America? "America needs Pakistan more than Pakistan needs America," was Jinnah's reply. "Pakistan is the pivot of the world, as we are placed" -- he revolved his long forefinger in bony circles -- "the frontier on which the future position of the world revolves." He leaned toward me, dropping his voice to a confidential note. "Russia," confided Mr. Jinnah, "is not so very far away." This had a familiar ring. In Jinnah's mind this brave new nation had no other claim on American friendship than this - that across a wild tumble of roadless mountain ranges lay the land of the BoIsheviks. I wondered whether the Quaid-i-Azam considered his new state only as an armored buffer between opposing major powers. He was stressing America's military interest in other parts of the world. "America is now awakened," he said with a satisfied smile. Since the United States was now bolstering up Greece and Turkey, she should be much more interested in pouring money and arms into Pakistan. "If Russia walks in here," he concluded, "the whole world is menaced." This trend to ask for American money in the name of fighting communism continued and intensified as time went on. The US was happy to oblige and used its resources to promote such thinking, but the attraction was mutual and highly profitable for the Pakistani elite. Ms Toor presents one side of this equation well (i.e. the American interest in “anti-communist” Pakistan) but has little grasp of the Pakistani elite’s own vigorous interest in this matter. An interest that can be seen, for example, in multiple documents where Pakistani generals and administrators stress the “communist threat” in East Pakistan, especially to Western audiences. Finally, her insistence that “progressive politics” and the attempt to counter such politics is the central defining feature of Pakistani history and remains so to this day is also taken further than events actually justify. While it is true that the influence of the left in the intelligentsia was out of all proportion to their organizational or political strength, this situation was not unique to Pakistan. It is easy to forget that for most third world countries, the left was the default intellectual position in the era of decolonization. Socialism’s attraction as an ideal was powerful in the West and it was augmented in the colonies by its association with anti-colonial struggles. But once they became independent, it did not take long for the ruling elites to move to a very different position in practice if not in theory (in theory, elements of left wing thought would crop up in the personal conversations of feudal lords and bureaucratic elites in our own social circle in surprising places). The influence of left wing politics in Pakistan in short was not negligible, but hardcore communist organizations were a small presence to begin with and were suppressed early and never really recovered. The fact that left wing slogans continued to be used with good effect until Bhutto’s time does not mean that Pakistan was ever at the door of socialism of the Soviet or Chinese variety. At the same time, the growth of Islamist politics (encouraged in some forms, but not all by the US) also had its own internal dynamics and was not just a cold war plot against socialism. A truly insightful history of Pakistani politics can be written from a left wing point of view, but Ms Toor’s understanding of Pakistani politics is almost entirely of the type promoted in the trendier Western universities and lacks a necessary sense of proportion. Very minor events (a strike in Pearl Continental Hotel in Karachi, for example) are given significance well beyond their actual impact. Some idea of this lack of balance from can be gleaned from Ms Toor’s “notes from the field”, written while doing some of this research and published in the Cornel University South Asian newsletter, where she states “..up until the counterrevolution/coup of General Zia ul Haq in 1977, documented to have been orchestrated largely by the American Foreign office and particularly the CIA in response to the growing strength of the working class movement in Pakistan…” Tariq Ali can probably come up with such a howler with a straight face, but even he would be hard pressed. The one things that was completely missing from the scene when Zia overthrew Bhutto was any sign of “the growing strength of the working class movement in Pakistan”. This fact is easily confirmed by reading any other account of Zia’s overthrow of Bhutto but the desire to find hardcore left wing politics at the heart of Pakistani politics is so strong that it overwhelms any other information Ms Toor may have on this subject. Left wing politics in Pakistan has had a large (but declining) cultural impact and has had wider political impact because their ideas have penetrated mainstream parties and the public imagination, but the organized Leninist side of the left has never been very big and does not threaten to become so today. To add their story to the story of Pakistan is a necessary service, but this book blows the struggle and the influence of the hardcore left out of all proportion to reality and is frequently in the category of “not even wrong”. I have no doubt that it will be favorably received in the Western academy, where demand for such writing seems infinite, but to use this book as a guide to Pakistani politics would be almost as useful as using Bill Ayer’s writings as a guide to American politics. A lot of interesting research has gone into this book and it does have value, but in the end it is spoiled by its “Tariq Ali worldview” and that is a tragedy. Linus Torvalds: I just pushed out the 3.4 release. - Royal Navy – Royal Navy ‘Top Gun’ pilots train to fly US fighters – British Royal Navy pilot Lt Dan Latham is walking out to his aircraft with his American colleague for a training mission that will see them fly through the cloudless skies for hundreds of miles over the desert on a practice bombing raid. Dan, from Ormskirk in Lancashire, is one of the lucky few chosen to fly with his American naval counterparts in the US for four years. The Royal Navy want to ensure the maritime flying skills of their pilots are maintained, until the new British aircraft carriers and the stealth fighter jets due to fly from them are ready. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport
May 7th, 2012 May 21st, 2012 A summary of all the things happening in the OpenStreetMap (OSM) world. Did we miss something? You can contact us via weekly.osm@googlemail.com Authors: Pascal & Dennis - (thx @ “Wochennotiz”) Linux Notes from DarkDuck: Today I want to develop this topic a little more, and talk about another pocket size Linux distribution. It won't be one-man show, though. Let me introduce my today's guest: Ahau from the Porteus Linux team. Sven Birkerts in the Los Angeles Review of Books: More here. Sven Birkerts in the Los Angeles Review of Books: More here. The Perfect Desktop - Ubuntu Studio 12.04 This tutorial shows how you can set up an Ubuntu Studio 12.04
desktop that is a full-fledged replacement for a Windows desktop, i.e.
that has all the software that people need to do the things they do on
their Windows desktops. The advantages are clear: you get a secure
system without DRM restrictions that works even on old hardware, and
the best thing is: all software comes free of charge. Please note that Ubuntu Studio 12.04 uses Xfce as the default desktop environment. I love this sort of overlay of virtual layers on top of the physical world, and I believe Nick and his very talented creative collaborator Kevin Mowrer can execute on their vision. They're now on Kickstarter raising money to get started, so if you're intrigued, go check it out. I've donated $250 myself, and I can't wait to get my hands on an early wand. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport LinuxBSDos.com: Regarding the GNOME 3 desktop, I was hoping that the developers will at least make an attempt to customize the default desktop in a manner that makes it more user-friendly, just like that of Linux Deepin or Comice OS. Articles en rapport In case you’ve missed it, the latest internet phenomena (and weekend entertainment) in L.A. has been “Caine’s Arcade,” a delightful project created by 9 year old Caine Monroy and documented by filmmaker Nirvan Mullick. Caine built an arcade for himself out of the cardboard boxes in his dad’s auto parts shop. Unfortunately, he didn’t have many customers, Click here to view the embedded video. (Film “Caine’s Arcade” © 2012 Caine’s Arcade/Nivan Mullick) but after Nirvan organized a smartmob using the Hidden LA Facebook page and Reddit, Caine now has lots of customers. The coverage for Caine’s Arcade has been phenomenal. News sites and websites have all lauded his arcade. Caine was invited to bring his arcade to MakerFaire™ at the Exploratorium (Makers are individuals who create) for their Make day for trash. Caine was invited to visit the Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) to learn about rockets. Caine’s Arcade has gone on the road to participate in Art celebrations around L.A., and Caine recently received the Latino Spirit Award. These have all great opportunities for what seems to be a nice young man with a curious mind. It’s great that people have reached out to offer him opportunities to learn and grow. Many have donated to a scholarship fund for Caine and a foundation has been established to help other young makers. The Goldhirsch foundation will match dollar-for-dollar donations contributed to Caine up to $250K. The video of Caine’s Arcade inspired other children to create cardboard things of their own. This pinball machine by Ezra was featured on the @cainesarcade Twitter feed: Click here to view the embedded video. (Film “Ezra’s Pinball Machine” © Ezra via makedoTV) and a version of Caine’s Arcade showed up at the HandmadeHK faire in Hong Kong: A cardboard arcade in China © @lantaumama Within all of this (Web-driven) coverage, one of the most striking things, though largely unspoken, is the fact that Caine’s Arcade is analog. Caine is not glued to a Gameboy™ or some other device–he’s actively building something inherently non-digital. Caine has also created a 3D interactive experience to share with others. In the not too distant past, a 9 year old making a cardboard arcade would not be considered unusual. Kids have always been resourceful and creative with materials, play and imagination. As we’ve moved into a computing age, the making of that past shifted. As people began to use the computer as a new tool for making, they bumped up against limitations, mostly consisting of what kind of software was available for them to make with. Initially, word processing was the “creation” tool of choice for people to make things with their computers without having to program. Documents, fliers, graphic designs, signs and 2D art were easily created and shared with others via print or by showing someone the art on a computer screen. As more software became available and hardware developed interoperability, people gained capabilities to make things in the world and capture their productions with digital mediums such as photo, audio and video. The interoperability enabled them to put those “captures” into the computer where they could use the network to share them with others. (This in part, is the capability that Nirvan utilized when he made and uploaded the Caine’s arcade video to YouTube.) However, documenting, sharing, and creating flat objects on a computer does not completely satisfy people’s desire to make in three dimensions, and/or to create shared experiences with other people in the world. There is a limitation to what can be made in the world in three dimensions using the computer. Tools have evolved from 2D text to interoperability with photo, video and audio, but 3D interaction outside the machine, created with the machine has largely been elusive. For the most part, there haven’t been many tools for us to use to do this and many lack the skills or knowledge to fasten their own. Kinect hackers (those modifying the Microsoft Kinect to be open for experimental input and play) have made a start: Click here to view the embedded video. (Film “Juggle Kinect Video” © Shakinfree) 3D printers such as the RepRap or Makerbot, enable 3D objects to be created but those type of printers require some specialized skills and knowledge and can be expensive–especially for a kid. Click here to view the embedded video. (Film “3D Printing a chess pawn with my RepRap” © Erikdb) 3D printers make plastic modeled objects, not necessarily interactive experiences in three dimensions. Also, to print a single 3D object can take a long time. Thus, there is a shortage: people have access to 3D tools, but many have limited knowledge of how to work with those tools, and the tools themselves are either the limited in creating and generating 3D shared experiences in the world, or too expensive. Many people lack funds and skills for 3D printing and 3D printed objects can be time consuming, solitary and innate. Lego Mindstorms, Arduinos and others have been a good first start to controlling 3D objects and creating the potential for shared experiences. They have some drawbacks: specialized knowledge of electronics, special hardware, and perhaps a computer. Click here to view the embedded video. (Film “Arduino Light Game” © phokur) If someone wants to share 3D experiences with other people and they are 9 years old and don’t have access to much money or a computer, electronics knowledge, a 3D printer, and/or other things like how to program, they’ll build something themselves. Out of whatever is at hand. In Caine’s case, cardboard: Caine has studio space to make © 2012 Caine's Arcade/Nirvan Mullick People need room to make and create. Caine is fortunate in that he has more room to make in his dad, George’s East LA shop than many who are wealthier than he is. He has the space to create–studio space. George’s business, Smart Parts Aftermarket, sells used auto parts. Since Smart Parts has mostly moved online, the front counter and lobby space were vacant and Caine was able to recycle the space for his arcade. In modern apartment buildings or condos there is little space to “make” and as a result, it seems that people have stopped making. Housing developments often have rules and deposits. Some may prohibit painting or the use of glue or hammers at random times: there are noise restrictions and odor restrictions and damage fines and nowhere to store things or to work outside. Many have carports and not garages and inside they are carpeted or otherwise set up for “living and consuming” rather than making. "Condo Carport" © Grand Harbor Vero Beach) In Life, Inc., Douglas Rushkoff suggested that post war housing communities in the United States were planned so that people would not borrow or share tools and would take pride of ownership in consumption—of owning their own. This was a sinister step in urban planning: no space for creating or creativity. I’d argue that for some time, making has been slowly conditioned out of us as a society, and architecture has influenced this trend. Now that people want to make again, there are more shared maker spaces for them to do so–and more things are being made as a result. Caine’s Arcade inspires much discussion: entrepreneurship, creativity, parenting, education, making, documentaries, power of social media, sociability, imagination, play, gaming, cooperation, nostalgia, innovation, etc.. For me, the highlight of Caine’s Arcade is the positive response from people all over the world for a low-cost, innovative, creative, analog 3D grounded reality experience, made by someone who is passionate about making, a master of his materials, and dedicated to play. Caine in his Arcade © 2012 Caine's Arcade/Nirvan Mullick Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport ComputerWorld UK: The UK government has finally unveiled the second iteration of its Cloudstore after a number of delays, and has reneged on its pledge to make version 2.0 open source. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Justin E. H. Smith in his blog: Just think about it: what kind of adult goes to a nature museum these days? I mean an adult who does not have some child in tow: a child, it is presumed, in need of perpetual edification? I mean a proper, auto-edifying, end-in-him-or-herself adult. These days, museums that are not about art are about nature, nature is about science, science is about education, and education, as we know, is for the kids, insofar as they, finally, are the future. Art for the grown-ups, then; nature for the kids. But education must be fun, so out with the rancid body parts in formaldehyde with calligraphic labels in Latin; in with the touch screens that tell you, as if you did not already know this since the age of two or so, that dinosaurs are birds, that Pluto is no longer a planet, and, in case you forgot this for a fraction of a second, that learning is fun. But all this thoroughly and disgustingly ideological rebranding requires money, which, as I've already suggested, the best museums of natural history do not have. More here. Davide Castelvecchi in Scientific American: One of the oldest unsolved problems in mathematics is also among the easiest to grasp. The weak Goldbach conjecture says that you can break up any odd number into the sum of, at most, three prime numbers (numbers that cannot be evenly divided by any other number except themselves or 1). For example: The weak Goldbach conjecture was proposed by 18th-century mathematician Christian Goldbach. It is the sibling of a statement concerning even numbers, named the strong Goldbach conjecture but actually made by his colleague, mathematician Leonhard Euler. The strong version says that every even number larger than 2 is the sum of two primes. As its name implies, the weak version would follow if the strong were true: to write an odd number as a sum of three primes, it would be sufficient to subtract 3 from it and apply the strong version to the resulting even number. More here.
« Si on avait voté sur la sortie de la Grèce de l’euro, il n’y aurait pas eu une voix pour soutenir ce pays ! », reconnaît d’ailleurs un diplomate qui a assisté à la réunion des dix-sept ministres des Finances de la zone euro de lundi dernier. « Il a fallu que Jean-Claude Juncker (le président de l’Eurogroupe) fasse un discours de vingt minutes pour ramener le calme. Tout le monde en a marre de payer pour ce pays qui n’applique que très partiellement ses engagements et qui maintenant croit que l’on va revoir à la baisse nos exigences et les financer à l’infini avec l’argent des contribuables européens. Les élections législatives grecques du 17 juin, ce sera un référendum sur le maintien dans l’euro, les Grecs ne doivent pas se faire d’illusion ». Bien vu : vendredi, la chancelière allemande, Angela Merkel, a suggéré au Président de la République grecque d’organiser, parallèlement au scrutin prévu, un référendum « sur la question de savoir si les citoyens grecs souhaitent ou non rester dans la zone euro», une information provenant de la présidence grecque aussitôt démentie par Berlin... Pourtant, à l’issue de l’Eurogroupe, dans la nuit de lundi à mardi, le premier ministre luxembourgeois n’a pas hésité à affirmer devant les journalistes que « la possibilité que la Grèce sorte de la zone euro n’a pas été l’objet de débat, personne n’a plaidé en ce sens » : « cela ne correspond absolument pas à la réalité de ce qui s’est passé », insiste notre interlocuteur. « Officiellement, on ne veut pas les menacer, mais il faut que les Grecs sachent que leur vote aura des conséquences sérieuses ». Les États et les institutions communautaires ne sont pas les seuls à se préparer à un retour de la drachme : la plupart des banques et des grandes entreprises ont déjà mis au point des scénarios pour faire face au choc, un choc qui risque de s’avérer coûteux, non seulement pour la Grèce, mais pour l’ensemble de la zone euro (lire par ailleurs). Mais, deux ans et demi après le début de la crise grecque, les Européens ne croient plus au risque de la contagion : « il y a un an et demi, un risque d’effet domino aurait pu exister », estime ainsi Karel De Gucht. « Nous avons mis en place un pare-feu de 850 milliards d’euros (le Mécanisme européen de stabilité) et la zone euro est bien plus solide qu’au début de la crise », renchérit un diplomate européen : « on est prêt à courir le risque si les Grecs ne veulent pas comprendre qu’il n’y aura pas de renégociation du programme d’ajustement structurel » exigé par la zone euro en échange de son aide (240 milliards d’euros soit deux fois le montant annuel du budget communautaire). Juncker, lundi soir, a tout juste admis du bout des lèvres que, « si apparaissent des circonstances extraordinaires, je n’exclus pas a priori qu’on parle d’une prolongation des délais » dans la mise en œuvre. En réalité, la Grèce et la zone euro sont engagées dans une partie de poker menteur avec, comme enjeu, rien moins que l’avenir de la monnaie unique : d’un côté, la gauche radicale grecque (Syriza et Dimar, 23 % des voix à eux deux et qui ont le vent en poupe) qui a bâti son succès électoral en affirmant que les Européens n’oseront pas laissé tomber leur pays même s’il n’applique pas les réformes promises de crainte de voir l’euro exploser. De l’autre, la zone euro qui veut faire comprendre aux Grecs qu’il n’y a pas d’alternative à la rigueur et qu’elle n’hésiterait pas à laisser le pays sombrer dans la faillite afin de le pousser à quitter l’euro et donc l’Union (les deux étant juridiquement liés). Ce n’est pas un hasard si la BCE a annoncé avoir coupé l’accès à ses crédits à quatre banques grecques, un avant-goût de ce qui l’attend en cas de sortie. « On ne peut être à 80 % pour le maintien dans la zone euro et voter pour des partis qui ne veulent pas des réformes », assène un diplomate européen. Si le 17 juin, les Grecs votent à nouveau pour des partis antiaustérité, rien ne peut donc être exclu : une faillite de la Grèce suivie de sa sortie de l’UE, une contagion de la crise à l’Espagne et à l’Italie, voire une explosion de la zone euro. Autant dire que les Grecs tiennent entre leurs mains non seulement l’avenir de leur pays, mais peut-être celui de l’Europe. Lisez absolument l'article de Charles Wyplosz paru sur le site Telos: "Grèce: la catastrophe qui arrive". Dessin: Pierre Kroll N.B.: version longue de mon article paru dans Libération de samedi. Lors du prochain lundi des libertés numérique, CLX vous propose un atelier sur le chiffrement avec GPG. Cet événement se terminera par une « keysigning party ». Si vous ignorez ce que c’est, mais que les problématiques de vie privée et de confidentialité vous intéressent, venez nous rencontrer à l’UFJ, rue du mal assis à Lille le 21 mai à partir de 19h30. Les éléments abordés seront principalement basés sur la signature électronique en pratique. Kenya-based video journalist Ruud Elmendorp recently compiled this report on the Women of Minyore, who live on a dump site near Nakuru, Kenya and make art out of various plastic waste: “‘Here is where I come every morning to collect plastics from the garbage.’ Lucy Wambui is 50 and with a stick she grubs through the garbage in the Gioto Dumping Site in Nakuru in central Kenya. It is early morning and the stench of the waste already abhors. Lucy stays here with 30 other women forming the Minyore Women’s Group that sustains itself by selling art works made from garbage. ‘It’s not healthy living here, but we have nowhere else to go.’“
‘Gioto’ in the local Kikuyu language means garbage, and the dumping site is situated one mile outside the industrial town of Nakuru, the number four city in Kenya. Echoes of morning mist and smoke from fires mix above the garbage that lingers on the foot of the Menengai Hills. The women of Minyore are wading through the waste, looking for polythene bags and plastic soda bottles. Their name is derived from the Kikuyu word for plastic bag. Most of the women ended up here after their husbands left them behind because of drug abuse, alcoholism or having died from Aids. ‘When I came here I started thinking what work I could do,’ she says. ‘So I joined the women weaving baskets and making jewelry from plastic.’ Just outside the house a group of women is seated on a hill top weaving. Lucy picks some strands of plastic and joins them. ‘These baskets are very popular,’ she says while weaving. ‘They are used by mothers to go to the market, or on Sunday to carry a Bible to church. There is nowhere you can’t go with them.’ The products the women make vary from baskets, wallets, ladies bags and bracelets. They offer them on the dumping site on certain days in the week. ‘The best is to sell to tourists because then you can get a better price,’ admits Lucy. She is showing an improvised shop next to her house. A group of tourists with white legs shamelessly protruding from their shorts are admiring the products. Most of them are sent by tourist agencies and churches. ‘They come every Wednesday and that’s good for us,’ says Lucy. If she is lucky she can make 20 Euro per day. ‘When there are no tourists it can be much less.’ This self-help women’s group may just be one out of the many out there who are struggling to survive and trying to have an income based on urban waste. And while the various waste fractions suggest the introduction of a pyrolysis system or any other concept for urban waste handling, it is just remarkable how these women have managed to create a business where others just see waste. “Waste = Food”? Yes. Laura Miller in Salon: A far more unsettling finding is buried in this otherwise up-with-reading news item. The Ohio State researchers gave 70 heterosexual male readers stories about a college student much like themselves. In one version, the character was straight. In another, the character is described as gay early in the story. In a third version the character is gay, but this isn’t revealed until near the end. In each case, the readers’ “experience-taking” — the name these researchers have given to the act of immersing oneself in the perspective, thoughts and emotions of a story’s protagonist — was measured. The straight readers were far more likely to take on the experience of the main character if they weren’t told until late in the story that he was different from themselves. This, too, is not so surprising. Human beings are notorious for extending more of their sympathy to people they perceive as being of their own kind. But the researchers also found that readers of the “gay-late” story showed “significantly more favorable attitudes toward homosexuals” than the other two groups of readers, and that they were less likely to attribute stereotypically gay traits, such as effeminacy, to the main character. The “gay-late” story actually reduced their biases (conscious or not) against gays, and made them more empathetic. Similar results were found when white readers were given stories about black characters to read. More here. From The Telegraph: One piece, Pencil Vs Camera 57, was created in London last year and features model Caroline Madison lying in the street with a bird swooping down on her. More here. Still Life Once there were four green apples arranged Once a painter rendered them on a cheap canvas She bought soon after a truck plowed through In the remodeled kitchen that still let in a draft, From the shadow limning the apples’ bottom edges Pulled through time, the slight hiss of their resistance, Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport HowtoForge: This tutorial shows how you can install and run OXID eShop Community Edition (version 4.5.9) on a Debian Squeeze or Ubuntu 11.10 system that has nginx installed instead of Apache (LEMP = Linux + nginx (pronounced "engine x") + MySQL + PHP). L'association Gulliver et la médiathèque de Vern-sur-Seiche vous invitent à participer à Libre sur Seiche, grande opération de découverte des logiciels et œuvres libres, du 22 au 26 mai 2012 à l’Espace culturel Le Volume. Au programme de la semaine : Cette année le CRDP de l'académie de Versailles organise, le 27 juin 2012, un InterTice sur le thème des logiciels libres dans l'Éducation ainsi qu'une « Install party » Debian & Ubuntu. Intertice Logiciels Libres, c’est une sélection d’ateliers pratiques destinés à vous présenter un large panel d’usages pédagogiques possibles avec des logiciels libres. Toutes les disciplines pourront y trouver de quoi enrichir leurs pratiques. En plus de ces ateliers et animations, nous avons l’immense privilège cette année de recevoir Richard Stallman en personne ! Il proposera une conférence sur le thème « Logiciels Libres et éducation ». Venez échanger sur les usages pédagogiques des logiciels libres dans différentes matières telles que les sciences, les lettres, la musique… Articles en rapport My take on the Facebook IPO. From this morning’s Observer There are two classes of share – A and B. Each class B share carries 10 times the voting rights of its class A counterpart. Zuck owns 27.1% of the class B shares outright and the company’s pre-IPO filings to the Securities and Exchange Commission revealed agreements with other owners of class B shares to assign their voting rights to him. The net result is that he has voting control over at least 57.1% of the class B shares. In other words, he’s omnipotent. This would be a problem even if Zuck had the brains of Einstein and the wisdom of Solomon. But, alas, he doesn’t. He is undoubtedly a smart and talented guy, but he also happens to have a megalomaniacal obsession – that everything has to be social, ie public. And if you’re a Facebook user and don’t like that – well, tough. So we now have another powerful media company with a shareholding structure that renders its charismatic, single-minded founder immune from shareholder pressure. Remind you of anyone? Hint: it begins with “News”. By: Dave Dilegge
Continue on for today's SWJ news and opinion roundup and links to the USNI Daily and Real Clear World.
Articles en rapport This morning’s Observer column. Email has become the central communications channel of all modern organisations, to the point where none of them could now function without it. But there’s increasing evidence – both anecdotal and empirical – that it has become dysfunctional. It eats into people’s working and thinking time, for example, distracts them from doing “real” work and generates guilt feelings that ratchet up stress levels to unsustainable levels. In the old world of desktop PCs, you could at least leave it behind when you left the office. But the advent of the smartphone changed all that. Email has now infiltrated leisure time, family time – even sleep time. It’s become a monster that’s destroying our lives. Deep down, most of us know this. But we daren’t talk about it out loud, for fear of seeming inadequate… IT Wire: Mandriva SA, the French company that used to control development of the Mandriva GNU/Linux distribution, has become something of a joke. Marjorie Perloff in the Boston Review: More here.
Due to lots of other work, it took quite some time between my initial
blog post about the omso-lea6t-gps board and the point where we are
able to offically sell kits in the sysmocom webshop. The primary reason
is: The people for whom we primarily built the board (i.e. the Osmocom
developers) all have one and are happy with it ;)
But repeated inquiries by e-mail and otherwise have shown there is more
interest. However, for a hand ful of boards we cannot make an automated
production run in a SMT assembly line. So for the time being, we are
only selling DYI kits, consisting of a digikey-packaged component kit
including all components, plus the PCB, as well as the LEA-6T module.
Anyone who is interested in such a timing module DIY kit can now order
from the
sysmocom webshop.
More information on the project, including design materials like
schematics can be found at the Osmocom
wiki.
The Whir: In addition to reducing its work with OpenStack, NASA also said it will cease its developmental involvement with cloud infrastructure solution Nebula. LinuxLinks: To provide an insight into the software that is available, we have compiled a list of 10 high quality Linux issue tracking systems. We have chosen software of varying complexity, with some applications concentrating on being as simple to set up and configure as possible. - Defense News – France regretted the prospect of reduced cooperation with the British fleet air arm following London’s selection of the F-35B short-takeoff, vertical-landing version of the Joint Strike Fighter, and hoped collaboration would continue. Justin Erik Halldór Smith in his blog: This basalt island, really only a side-effect of the volcanic eruptions of only one segment of the vast Mid-Atlantic Range (which also includes something called the 'Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone', where by contrast I hope never to find myself): this island, I say, is not all that far from the Faeroes, which are in turn a short hop to the Hebrides, and from there another shorter one to mainland Scotland. In the other direction, there is really only a channel, and not open ocean, separating Iceland from Greenland, and again a smaller one separating Greenland from Baffin, and Baffin from Labrador. A series of small hops then, brings one from Europe to North America, and even in the absence of archaeological evidence it is not hard to understand why, when Jacques Cartier sailed up the St. Lawrence in the 1530s, local Iroquois ran out to greet the ship with furs in hand, ready, to all appearances, to resume a well established trade. More here. We have just posted another hour-plus of videos in LR4_24.zip, LR4_25.zip & LR4_26.zip from our Lightroom 4 Advanced User's Guide Video Tutorials. – The Creation of a Portrait. In a studio portrait shooting session, Jeff demonstrates Tethered Shooting & using a 'live' Develop Preset. Then he shows selection editing, basic corrections and finally retouches a 'beauty shot' - all within Lightroom 4. – Map - an overview – Map - GeoTagging. How to edit capture time. How to add a GPS' tracklog to Lightroom 4 using a freely available translator. Learn how to reverse GeoCode. – Book. Create a PDF book of your photographs, publish to a PDF and import a portfolio book of images to an iPad. – Saved Creations. New to LR4 and a critical element in working with Books, Slideshows, Prints & Web Galleries. Learn how to create a 'saved creation' in those modules. – Layout Overlay. Create and use a Layout overlay when shooting to a layout. Preview the photograph, type & graphic elements of a final printed page within Lightroom. Please note that this is the second to last posting of videos. When we post again, that will mark the completion of the Tutorial and thus the 25% Off 'Incomplete' Sale will end. The latest Table of Contents V6 is found here. Brilliant Lightroom 4 videos. Puppet Labs: PuppetDB is the next-generation open source storage service for Puppet-produced data. John Gooch in the Times Literary Supplement: More here. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Mariette DiChristina in Scientific American: Why are scientists working with sleight-of-hand artists? Their tricks, honed through the decades, have revealed that people respond to certain situations in specific ways. Like detectives looking for new leads to solve a mystery, scientists can mine magicians’ knowledge for ideas to test in the lab. And for the magicians, understanding principles about the brain—that is, why a trick works the way it does—can suggest new ways to advance their art as they develop new tricks or improve existing ones. (The article, “What Can Magicians Teach Us about the Brain?”, provides some more background and a November 2008 Nature Reviews Neuroscience paper coauthored by neuroscientists and magicians.) More here. Articles en rapport Edward Mendelson in the New York Review of Books: For Adam Kirsch, in Why Trilling Matters, Trilling’s authority still survives as a source of courage: “In the last twenty years, when writers have lamented the decay of literature’s confidence and authority, they have often turned, as if by instinct, to Trilling as the emblem of those lost virtues.” Kirsch’s central insight, however, is that Trilling wrote with an artist’s authority, not a teacher’s: Trilling’s authority…is itself a literary achievement—not a privilege of cultural office or a domineering assertion of erudition and intellect, but an expression of sensibility, the record of an individual mind engaged with the world and with texts. Trilling’s constant theme, he adds, was “the conflict between the artist’s will and the demands of justice.” More here. Gary Gutting in the New York Times: Public policy debates often involve appeals to results of work in social sciences like economics and sociology. For example, in his State of the Union address this year, President Obama cited a recent high-profile study to support his emphasis on evaluating teachers by their students’ test scores. The study purportedly shows that students with teachers who raise their standardized test scores are “more likely to attend college, earn higher salaries, live in better neighborhoods and save more for retirement.” How much authority should we give to such work in our policy decisions? The question is important because media reports often seem to assume that any result presented as “scientific” has a claim to our serious attention. But this is hardly a reasonable view. There is considerable distance between, say, the confidence we should place in astronomers’ calculations of eclipses and a small marketing study suggesting that consumers prefer laundry soap in blue boxes. A rational assessment of a scientific result must first take account of the broader context of the particular science involved. Where does the result lie on the continuum from preliminary studies, designed to suggest further directions of research, to maximally supported conclusions of the science? In physics, for example, there is the difference between early calculations positing the Higgs boson and what we hope will soon be the final experimental proof that it actually exists. More here. Been hanging out with a few WordPress.org hackers — Scott, Nacin, and Otto — the last few days in a BBQ-fueled haze of hacking to make plugin directory better. There are over 19,000 plugins listed and they’re really the heart and soul of WordPress for many people, so they deserve a little tender loving care. Here’s a quick before and after snapshot you can zoom in on to see a visual overview of some of the changes: Our first focus was around improving the discussion and support around plugins. You’ll now notice that threads about a plugin are pulled directly into a “support” tab on the plugin page — each plugin has its own forum. We’ve made authors much more prominent and with bigger Gravatars and better placement, so you can get a sense of who made the plugin you’re using. And finally to show how active and well-supported a plugin is, you can see ”16 of 75 support threads in the last two weeks have been resolved.” Finally, if you’re logged in you get access to the new “favorites” feature that lets you mark the plugins you use the most so you can share them on your profile page and find them quickly later. We soft-launched favorites a few days ago and there have already been 2,000 saved! If you’re a plugin author, we’ve started with a short threshold (2 weeks) for the resolved stats so it’s easy to catch up and stay on top of it. (It’ll eventually go to two months.) You also now have the ability to set stickies on your plugin forum to put FAQs or important information at the top, and of course any person you put as a committer on the plugin will have moderation access. People on the forum tag will see your custom header and links to the other resources attached to your plugin. We’ve tightened up the styling a bit on the forums and plugin pages, though still some cleanups to do there. Some older improvements you might have missed, but are still useful for users and developers alike: All of this will continue to evolve as we get feedback and see usage, but we’re happy to have been able to make some key improvements in just a few days while hanging out in Memphis. (This is why WordCamps usually have BBQ — it imparts magical coding powers.) Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Datamation: On the Internet, sometimes free doesn't mean completely free. Click here to view the embedded video. Just a quick post this Saturday about Twitter partnering with NASCAR to cover the Pocono 400. Via Mashable: The Pocono 400 partnership will revolve around the #NASCAR hashtag, according to a joint press conference Twitter and NASCAR held Friday. “During the race, we’ll curate accounts from the NASCAR universe and surface the best Tweets and photos from the drivers, their families, commentators, celebrities and other fans when you search #NASCAR on Twitter.com,” reads a post to the official company blog. Full disclosure: I know next-to-nothing about NASCAR. The most idiosyncratic thing I know about NASCAR is that the headlights are painted on, and not real. Other than that, someone could tell me that you get extra points (less points?) if the car crash looks really cool, and I would believe them. But let’s blackbox the sport for a moment and take a look at the role Twitter plays in public events. Social networking sites have been co-hosting election coverage since 2006. This makes sense, since Americans have been going to the Internet for their news for a while now. But why has it taken this long to get a social media company to recognize sports? Sure you can “Like” the Super Bowl on Facebook or follow North Carolina Chapel Hill’s Women’s Soccer team on twitter, but there’s no Pinterest-sponsored Indy Race car team and the Brazilian Football league isn’t covered in Orkut banners. The domain host Go Daddy has objectified Danica Patrick for some time now (double sports points for doing it during the Super Bowl) but they aren’t a social media company. Here’s my theory on social media’s mum stance on sports: Most sports teams are geographically based, and you do not want to pledge an allegiance to one team and lose the loyalty of other areas. These are global public spaces and to align yourself with something even the size of a country, means preferring one geographically bound community over another. Why doesn’t this apply to other companies? Well, it does- but selling trucks, bandwidth, and Doritios is a different beast than social media. Social media is public space, and public space is meant to facilitate and enable communication, not take sides in it. (Unless, of course, the ability of your customers to engage in communication is up for debate.) Twitter’s move into NASCAR keeps with my theory. NASCAR teams are not geography based, and Twitter is covering the whole race, not a single team. Just like a presidential debate, Twitter will be taking on the role of curator, not partisan. Secondly, consider sports franchises as the first social media: Companies who look to draw in large crowds and sell their eyeballs to advertisers. They do not need these young bucks running around claiming that information wants to be free: the NBA, MLB, and NFL all have proprietary paywall systems and are doing just fine. I’ll leave the last word to a good friend of mine that works at ESPN/ He had this much to say on the matter: You can follow david on twitter, wherein he will almost never talk about sports: @da_banks
We went to a lovely wedding of a friend’s daughter in Holland just over a week ago. It was a large and lavish affair, and there were two very good professional photographers in attendance. But I got the “money shot” (he said, modestly)! Larger version here. “Cogito interruptus is typical of those who see the world inhabited by symbols or symptoms. Like someone who, for example, points to the little box of matches, stares hard into your eyes, and says, ‘You see, there are seven…,’ then gives you a meaningful look, waiting for you to perceive the meaning concealed in that unmistakable sign.” Umberto Eco, quoted here. Articles en rapport Pour la troisème année consécutive, les hackeurs du Tetalab et les artistes de Mixart-Myrys unissent leurs talents pour vous présenter ce délicat mélange de technologies et de spectacles qui feront le bonheur des petits et des grands. Tout ceci se passe au sein du Toulouse Hacker Space Factory. Cet évènement grandiose se déroulera du vendredi 25 au dimanche 27 mai à Toulouse dans le surprenant hangartistique de la culture alternative situé au 12 rue Ferdinand Lassalle (près des Ponts Jumeaux). Ouverture des portes à 18 heures pour 72 heures presque non-stop d'activités destinées à tout le monde, et même aux non-geeks et leurs enfants. Vous pourrez par exemple apprendre à souder vous même votre zombadge. Tous les détails sont dans la seconde partie de la dépếche Le programme complet donne les détails pour les diverses conférences, mais aussi les performances live, les ateliers disponibles, et pour les nombreux concerts, sans compter les gens qui vont venir hacker le festival des hackers par des actions surprises ;-) À noter que la totalité des festivités du week-end est en entrée libre, mais qu'il sera demandé une « participation libre et nécessaire » permettant d'augmenter l'indépendance du lieu. Que vous soyez jeunes parents ou vieux loup, plus intéressés par une conférence ou bien par une mise en pratique en atelier, hardcore hacker, joueur de pacman, ou bien festif jusqu'à pas d'heure : ce week-end est pour vous, dans ce lieu galactique de rencontres et partages des cultures et savoirs-faire qu'est Mixart-Myrys. Et une jolie nimage qui indique qu'il y aura des possibilité de restauration sur place. Pour le repas d'ouverture, vendredi à 20h, une réservation par mail est demandée : reservation@mixart-myrys.org . Une autre jolie nimage d'un atelier, et une dernière pour la root. Articles en rapport From The Independent: Not so. Riley's lifestyle seems starkly at odds with her dust-jacket achievements. Over the five years it has taken to write Opposed Positions, Riley says she has had severe problems rubbing two pennies together. There have been unnerving moments of penury, wondering where the next subsistence cheque will be coming from. The cheques eventually came in the shape of tax credits, or literary grants, or summer school work, but it was far from the charmed life we imagine for our up-and-coming literary stars. More here. From The New York Times: The first four words of Toni Morrison’s new book greet — or assail — us before the story even begins. They’re from the epigraph, which quotes a song cycle written by the author some 20 years ago and therefore, it seems safe to say, not originally intended for this book, but an indication, perhaps, of how long its themes have been haunting her. And “haunting” is a fitting word for the lyric itself, in which a speaker professes to lack both recognition of and accountability for the strange, shadowy, dissembling domicile in which he finds himself. The atmosphere of alienation makes the song’s final line even more uncanny: “Say, tell me, why does its lock fit my key?” Thus the stage is set for “Home”: on the basis of its publisher’s description a novel, on the basis of its length a novella, and on the basis of its stripped-down, symbol-laden plot something of an allegory. It tells the story of Frank Money, a 24-year-old Korean War veteran, as he embarks on a reluctant journey home. But where — and what — is home? Frank is already back from the fighting when we meet him, a year after being discharged from an integrated Army into a segregated homeland. Since then, he has wandered the streets of Seattle, “not totally homeless, but close.” He has gambled his Army pay and lost it, worked odd jobs and lost them, lived with a girlfriend and lost her, and all the while struggled, none too successfully, against the prospect of losing his mind. More here. Always Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport I will start linking to places we stayed at etc, from now on. On
the one hand, we already left those places so my paranoid self can
rest assured that no one will come hunt us down, on the other hand,
I decided to only to name and link to those places which really
deserve a mention. If they are linked here, I can whole-heartedly
recommend them. After leaving through the Russian border fortifications,
Mongolia was an instant and welcome change. Trees growing right
next to the tracks, branches forming a bit of a natural tunnel; the
trains passing by keeping branches at bay, but the trees free to
grow wherever else they pleased. A few hundred meters later below a
rocky ledge, a cow had apparently fallen down and died. Partially
decomposed flesh still clinging halfway to its rib-cage, it proved
to be a sign of the (mostly) more laid-back attitude Mongolians
tend to take. After finally getting our passports back and being allowed to
leave the train, we first headed to the station to get some money.
At ~1800:1, the exchange rate for Tugruk against Euro speaks
volumes about inflation; imagine my surprise that the MNT 20,000
note is the largest one. It's also the one and only amount any and
all ATMs will default to. We were quite surprised by how cheap everything was, even in the
one single store within the station directly behind the border. In
Russia, travellers expect to pay hefty markups when shopkeepers
know they can charge them, not so in Mongolia. Upon returning from the station, our waggon was just merrily
being driving away on its own by a lone engine, something we had
not anticipated or appreciated a whole lot. A woman (we hadn't
noticed her before) who was busy scavenging a trash container for
food for herself and her scrawny-looking son happily stopped what
she was doing and, with a big smile, moved her hands around and
smacked them back together, signalling us that our waggon would be
attached to a different train for the subsequent journey. To put it mildly, I was stunned; we had met people eating from
the trash in Russia as well (yes, I always make a point of giving
them enough for a few decent meals; anyone eating out of the trash
actually needs and definitely deserves something good happening to
them), but they were glum and disheartened. Here, there was someone
who not only had to look out for herself, but for a three or four
year old boy as well, and still was just so... positive... I don't
know if I would have it in me to act the same way... As an aside, even though we were just a few kilometers across
the border from Russia, she did not actually take the money from
me, she cupped her hands to receive it by having me place it into
her hands; this is a very Asian thing in my experience and
something we would see both in Mongolia and China consistently. Later, when we were back in our waggon, she passed by and
happened to see the Spot Messgenger 2 dangling in front of our
window, its lights blinking every five seconds. For a solid twenty
minutes, until the train started moving again, she squatted down
with her son, oggling the Spot. I have no idea what she was
thinking it was and I had no chance to explain it to her, but she
was really fascinated and just kept staring and staring. When we finally left the station, we waved to and smiled at each
other, she ran after us, and then she was gone. All in all, this
was one the more memorable things which happened to us. When I say that Mongolians as a whole tend to be a lot more laid
back than Russians, this extends to infrastructure as well, but not
in the good way. We arrived in Ulan Bator at six in the morning and started
haggling with taxi drivers. Our hostel had (stale, it turned out)
information about acceptable fare from station to their place on
their website, 5,000 MNT was supposedly OK. Our driver tried to get
20,000, then 15,000, then 12,000, then 10,000, went down to 7,000
and finally settled for 5,000, all this interspersed with frequent
"no" by us and walking away. Once on the road, he wanted to
convince me that we had agreed upon 5,000 per person, something
that did not quite work out for him. When we arrived, he started to
tell me that he was good friends with the hostel manager and that
said manager would surely want us to pay more; again, that did not
work too well. He made the mistake of getting our luggage out of
his trunk immediately (we always kept all our stuff in the
passenger area afterwards...) before I paid and even though I only
had a 10,000 or 20,000 note, I insisted on correct change. The same
old dance began anew, with him edging closer to the correct change
in steps of 1,000 MNT. He tried to get away several times, but I
stood in his door and held it open; if he had just driven off, I
couldn't have stopped him, but that thankfully didn't occur to him.
After he shoved all small change (MNT is bill only, no coins) he
had with him at me and wanted to make off yet again, I was close to
throwing all the small crap at him, but after he, a man of maybe
1.65 meter and sitting down, tried to signal his willingness for a
fist fight and me, a man of 1.94 meter and standing started
laughing, he gave me 2,000 more and drove off cursing. In case you forgot, at that exchange rate, we argued about two
to three Euro, but as he tried to cheat, it became a matter of
principle. All parking lots and other property in Ulan Bator have a small
watchtower with private 24/7 guards; said guard ambled down, let us
in and woke the poor woman who was forced to let us check in. As
she was Mongolian as well, we were a bit surprised when she
switched from broken English to perfect German, but the owners of
the OASIS are a
German-Austrian couple so I guess that makes sense. Traffic in Ulan Bator is war. Lonely Planet talks about the city
being too newly motorized and that it did not have to develop a
culture of driving, yet. This is a euphemism for "no one has any
qualms maiming or killing you". Everyone is driving like mad,
nudging and racing their way in front of each other. If a driver
has an oppurtunity to get ahead by a few centimeters with his small
car, thereby blocking the way for several buses, making a whole
parking lot grind to a halt and thereby deadlocking themselves,
they will take said opportunity, and gladly. Red lights are gentle suggestions, there to be mainly ignored;
police will not drive over red lights, but they will not stop
anybody else from doing so, either. A hearse will have a dozen or
more cars following it, all driving in a tight pack, aggressively
attacking anyone who dares to wedge in between them and expecting
all other traffic to make way even if they are driving over a red
light. Crossing a main street in Ulan Bator as a pedestrian is hell.
There are a few traffic lights and they help to some extent, but
you still need to be extremely careful when crossing a street.
Thailand, India, Russia, China, no matter where it's supposedly
hard to cross a street by foot, I never had any issues weaseling
through. In UB, it takes planning, determination, and a lot of
attention, especially as there are stretches where there's not a
traffic light in sight. While maintaining eye contact with a driver
usually ensures that they will try not to hit you, this does not
work in the least in UB. In the evening, I took to shining a
high-powered flashlight at the ground to the oncoming traffic's
side to mark ourselves and decrease the likelihood of being hit.
This worked well in combination with sprinting through gaps in the
traffic, except for one guy who actively aimed for us and did
not slow down. He even changed lanes, just to keep us in
front of his car... Shining the flashlight directly at him in
highest mode made him break quite violently though; a good thing,
as he may have hit us had he not slowed down. Ulan Bator is weird. It has clear signs of westernization, but it's still very much
an old city. There is one large store which would fit into any
random shopping center in Germany (which are tiny when compared to
most other countries) and which carries most goods, if with a
limited selection. Its supermarket is extremely well stocked with
food and drink from all other the world and laughably cheap (for
us) prices. While its infrastructure is definitely crumbling, the city is
clean, especially when compared to Russia. Two girls from
Stuttgart who we met during our Trans-Siberian travels commented on
how clean Russian cities were when compared to home, but that may
be more of a statement about Stuttgart than about Russia... Anyway, in Mongolia in general and in UB in particular, there's
a concise effort to make what they have look nice and clean. There
is no trash in the streets, loose gravel and earth is removed from
the curb by dedicated workers, all areas of packed earth are sieved
and all large stones removed. All in all, it's a lot
cleaner (if more dusty and sandy) than Russian cities if somewhat
older and more shabby-looking. That being said, Mongolia's
countryside is littered There were several street stalls consisting of nothing more than
a cardboard box on a stool selling single chewing gums and
cigarettes from the original packaging; it's normal for people to
buy one cigarette or one piece of chewing gum and walk on. The sights of UB were nice, but nothing too special. In the next part, I'll cover "The Hostel, part disaster" and
generally talk more about excrement than I thought one could write
before moving on to China (were I am located at the time of this
writing). Articles en rapport By: Dave Dilegge
Continue on for today's SWJ news and opinion roundup and links to the USNI Daily and Real Clear World. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport ...just as the economy itself is. In the last few years, Europe has suddenly sent a mind-boggling infusion of money into the stock markets. Europeans discovered equity culture and overnight invested hundreds of billions of dollars of their old wealth into the network of ownership. At the same time, hungry investors are pouring billions into the coffers of Asian and Latin American "emerging markets." Today, almost any investor in mutual funds, whether he knows it or not, has a stake in a company operating in a nation outside his own. Very interesting results related to buffer sizing in large routers.
It hasn't been a secret that when I co-started a company called sysmocom more than a year ago, it was not
about opening a webshop that sells cheap phones and DYI electronics kits
to the larger community. Rather, it was to develop and sell exciting
products surrounding Free Software and mobile communications.
There are of course the more or less obvious things to do, like system
integration of OpenBSC and the related software on embedded systems,
selling them as appliances including training, support and maintenance
service.
However, we of course also want to more than that. Today it is my
pleasure to say that the availability of our first BTS product called
sysmoBTS has been officially announced.
See the
news item, the product page and the
data
sheet for more information.
To make it very clear in the beginning: sysmoBTS is not an open
hardware project. The schematics and layout files are proprietary and
not disclosed publicly. Such is the FPGA bitstream and the layer1
inside the DSP.
However, any code running on the integrated ARM processor is available
as free software. This includes a yocto/poky-built Embedded Linux
distribution featuring u-boot, the Linux kernel (including all kernel
modules!), the osmo-bts and OpenBSC software
as well as many other Free Software packages.
We think this is a reasonable compromise between espanding a bit from
our previous "BSC and above in Free Software" down to a "BTS Layer2 and
above" divide. After all, if you use OpenBSC with a BTS from Siemens,
Ericsson, Nokia or ip.access, you don't have access to the source code
of anything running inside the BTS at all.
sysmoBTS offers some great new capabilities, such as integrating the BSC
or even the entire osmo-nitb onto
the ARM/Linux processor inside the BTS hardware itself, creating a less
than 500gram, 10W power consuming autonomous GSM network.
I'm going to stop marketing here, but I thought it is one of the major
milestones for sysmoocm and thus for what I've spent way too much time
on in recent months - and thus deserves to be mentioned here on this
personal blog.
- Reuters – U.S. forces said they had destroyed a target in the first successful test of the Navy’s newest anti-missile interceptor, designed to protect allies from attacks by countries like North Korea and Iran. NetworkWorld: Large Hadron Collider techie details enormous complexity of Java messaging at CamelOne conference The Good Mother ideal is examined by the French feminist Elisabeth Badinter in her latest book, The Conflict: How Modern Motherhood Undermines the Status of Women. Badinter, a 68-year-old mother of three grown children, is utterly uninterested in writing about the personal experience of mothering. Last year she was voted “the most influential intellectual” in France, and she seems never to have wallowed in maternal guilt, choosing to dissect it instead with chilly precision. In 1980 she wrote L’Amour en plus, a history of mother love, in which she described how maternal “selfishness and indifference” were the norm until Rousseau and the Romantics put the “reign of the child king” at the center of European family life. The book opens with some startling police statistics from 1780. Out of 21,000 infants born in Paris that year, more than 19,000 were dispatched to wet nurses in the countryside, where—if they were lucky enough to survive the treacherous journey—they would be tightly swaddled and left to stew in their excrement for hours; hung up on a nail by their swaddling bands to keep them out of reach of barnyard animals; and fed a diet of pap when the wet nurse had trouble with her milk supply. More than half of those children died before the age of 2. Historians have commonly argued that such displays of maternal indifference were due to the crushing levels of infant mortality in the eighteenth century: a mother would stop herself from becoming too attached to an infant who might die. Badinter, however, takes her cue from medical historians such as Edward Shorter and reverses the lines of causality: “It was not so much because children died like flies that mothers showed so little interest in them,” she writes in L’Amour en plus, “but rather because the mothers showed so little interest that the children died in such great numbers.” The 10 percent of children who stayed at home to be breast-fed by their mothers or by live-in wet nurses were about twice as likely to live. To believe that high mortality rates were the cause rather than the result of maternal indifference is, for Badinter, a sentimental fantasy that “prevents us from condemning” mothers and keeps our mythology of mother love heart-warming and pristine. Such sang-froid wends its way through The Conflict, which includes the same ghastly statistics, but here Badinter brings them up at the end, after devoting most of the book to denouncing what she calls “ecological motherhood,” which is essentially the attachment parenting promoted by Dr. Sears: breast-feeding, cloth diapering, co-sleeping. “Eco-biological prejudices” and “the vilification of chemicals” have “put motherhood squarely back at the heart of women’s lives” by making childcare an all-consuming activity that only a mother can do. I've reached a crossroads in my research and in the questions I'm now starting to ask. Part of that was driven by some insight and realization about the direction I was taking, and part of it was also driven by changes in economic circumstances. Notably, the reduction in funding in this country has impacted upon my field quite dramatically (behavioral sciences). The way that that has impacted is that there's far less money to fund research, so the competition to get funding has become very acute. Now we have to justify with a view to application. In the past you could just go off on a flight of fancy studying the things that were of intrinsic interest. But now we have to steer our grant applications towards potential application, and certainly we have to write a substantial proportion of the proposal to deal with impact, public engagement. And that's across the board. As I said, if this had been five, ten years ago, there would have been some resistance to that, but increasingly now the research councils feel that we, as a public body funded by taxation, need to be called to account in terms of what we're doing with the money, the taxpayers' money. This has led me to start thinking more about what I do in terms of its tangible application in the real world? That's the external influences that have been shaping the sorts of questions I'm starting to ask now. There's been a growing awareness that there have been a lot of problems with the way that psychological research has been going on in the past, very much lab-based type of work. There has been a general issue in the experimental method, what you typically do is you hone in on a question, and you try to refine that question by removing all the extraneous variables to try and make it as clean as possible. But then that does raise the question, to what extent? And does what you eventually find actually have real relevance or validity to the external world? Because in many senses, the complexity of the external world might be part of the problem that the brain is trying to solve. Brad Plumer: You bring together a lot of new data on inequality in the book across a variety of countries, from the United States to Europe to China to Latin America. What’s different about what your book discovers? James Galbraith: One thing we found is that there are common global patterns in economic inequality across different countries that appear to be very strongly related to major events affecting the world economy as a whole. The most important have been changes in financial regimes and changes in systems of financial governance. It made a big difference when the Bretton Woods system ended in 1971. The debt crisis of the 1980s made a big difference. The debt crisis of the 1980s made a big difference. It made a big difference in 2000 when the NASDAQ crashed and interest rates were reduced These things all had global repercussions, and they affected inequality around the entire world in different ways. BP: And this isn’t how many economists have looked at inequality, correct? JG: No. The most unconventional thing in this book is about how inequality relates to macroeconomic performance and financial factors. The discussion of inequality tends to be heavily dominated by a marketplace perspective that stresses individual-level characteristics like the demand for skill. Economists have always classified this as a microeconomic problem. ... But when something’s happening at the same time around the world, in different countries that are widely separated, that’s a macro issue. There was a global movement toward higher inequality as a result of the financial stresses that the world is under. There is no doubt that good institutions are important in determining a country’s wealth. But why have some countries ended up with good institutions, while others haven’t? The most important factor behind their emergence is the historical duration of centralized government. Until the rise of the world’s first states, beginning around 3400 BC, all human societies were bands or tribes or chiefdoms, without any of the complex economic institutions of governments. A long history of government doesn’t guarantee good institutions but at least permits them; a short history makes them very unlikely. One can’t just suddenly introduce government institutions and expect people to adopt them and to unlearn their long history of tribal organization. That cruel reality underlies the tragedy of modern nations, such as Papua New Guinea, whose societies were until recently tribal. Oil and mining companies there pay royalties intended for local landowners through village leaders, but the leaders often keep the royalties for themselves. That’s because they have internalized their society’s practice by which clan leaders pursue their personal interests and their own clan’s interests, rather than representing everyone’s interests. The various durations of government around the world are linked to the various durations and productivities of farming that was the prerequisite for the rise of governments. For example, Europe began to acquire highly productive agriculture 9,000 years ago and state government by at least 4,000 years ago, but subequatorial Africa acquired less productive agriculture only between 2,000 and 1,800 years ago and state government even more recently. Those historical differences prove to have huge effects on the modern distribution of wealth. eSecurityPlanet: The big problem Bromium is working on is called Byzantine Fault Tolerance. In computer science, this concept describes a system that is able to survive multiple and arbitrary forms of attack or failure of its component parts. Recently, I posted a tweet about conversion rates. Conversion rate’s big crime is it focuses purely on pressing the purchase button, independent of the quality of the experience. — Jared M. Spool (@jmspool) May 13, 2012 Immediately, I received several responses, all of them showing the common misunderstandings that people have about conversion rates. The conversion rate has become a standard metric for many online businesses. I’ve seen clients watch it every day, looking at the variations they see and asking questions about why it changes (or doesn’t). Unfortunately, conversion rate is probably one of the most dangerous and mis-used metrics available to site designers to measure how good their site is. They apply it as if it is telling them something and, worse, when they optimize for it, they can create a site that looks like crap and produces undesirable customers. This is the first post in a series on using conversion rates, hopefully to clear up the common misunderstandings and help designers find better ways to measure their site’s success. In this episode, we’ll look at the basic nature of what a conversion rate is and why it’s such a crappy metric. Conversion rate is a ratio. It’s the number of people who purchase (or sign up or whatever your “call to action” button does) divided by the number of visitors to the site or page. If you have a 15,000 people buy products out of the 1,000,000 people who visited your site, you’ll have a conversion rate of 1.5%. Ratios are a problem because either the numerator (people who buy) or the denominator (people who visit) can change. Let’s say you still have 15,000 purchasers, but because of a “successful” marketing push, you end up bringing 2,000,000 visitors to the site. Now, you made the same amount of money from those 15,000 purchasers. But your conversion rate dropped to 0.75%. Because it’s a ratio, you don’t have control over which side changes. The theory is that it should be uniform, but as we’ll see in other posts in this series, that rarely happens. This means conversion rates often fluctuate for no discernible reason. It can be 1.5% one day, 0.75% the next, and 3.0% the next. This would just be a normal variation based on what’s happening with the visitors being attracted to the site. And this normal variation makes it hard to tell when something is broken or out of whack. For any e-commerce site, I have the perfect advice on how to raise their conversion rate significantly. All they have to do is stop marketing. Once they stop marketing, the number of visitors will drop to only those who are already loyal customers. Because those visitors are loyal, they are probably only coming to buy something. The ratio of purchasers to visitors will skyrocket. Sales will likely drop, but conversion will go sky-high. Sounds great, right? That’s the other problem with the conversion rate ratio: it’s not at all related to the other business operations. I have a little game I like to play with executives. I’ll put to doors on the screen. I’ll tell the execs that they can choose one door. Behind the first door is an increased conversion rate, but no increase in sales (in fact, a likely decrease). Behind the second door is a decreased conversion rate, but an increase in sales. Which would they like? Every executive I’ve ever talked to has asked for the increased sales. My next question is then: Why focus on conversion rate then? That’s when I get that deer-in-headlights look, followed by a reduced focus on the conversion rate metric. In the next installment, we’ll look at why not every visitor is someone you want as a customer. Toolbox.com: When it comes to computing, especially operating systems, the trend seems to reducing the amount of control the end users have over their operating system environments [stares hard at garden gnomes]. http://www.farmhack.net/tools/solar-powered-chicken-tractor I am so psyched about this open source solar robotic chicken trailer. I think i’m going to get to meet Dorn, who seems to be an editor of this page on FarmHack. I’ll be sure to ask what it’s for. Wow, I want one! Here, I’m in a coffeeshop and can’t watch it now but this YouTube video surely has all the details: LinuxBSDos.com: One tool that has seen very little or no change over the past several releases in Ubuntu Desktop is the installation program. So it is somewhat surprising that some users are having problems dual-booting Windows 7 and Ubuntu 12.04 using a tutorial written for Ubuntu 11.04. Resilient: "re·sil·ient" /riˈzilyənt/ - Able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions. Is your enterprise resilient ...or are you still trying to push security? What's the difference? Fancy ML techniques don't matter much - "The reason I don’t like Kaggle is that it’s all about squeezing more juice out of existing data." There's a lot of hard-earned wisdom in this post, but I think he's over-estimating the professional world's familiarity with machine learning techniques, and underestimating how hard they are to acquire. I love Kaggle because it allows me to outsource a whole lot of work that requires very specialized skills, so I don't have to support a full-time ML engineer, and I don't want to spend the time and resources I'd need to train an existing team-member to be good at it when we'll only use it ocassionally. Are your cookies colluding? - The Mozilla folks have released a plugin showing how ad networks are connected, with a network graph visualization that actually seems useful, rather than just being pretty. An interactive map of the Roman Empire - Calculates the travel time and cost for journeys in the ancient world. Tools like these bring back a perspective that anyone used to modern transport has lost, especially around the crucial power of the sea as much cheaper and faster than land for travel. I was first struck by their power when I ran across time-based maps like this for the medieval world, showing how much more connected coastal settlements were to fishing villages in other countries than to inland towns in their own, and helped me understand how England held on to Dunkirk for so long! Image Vision Labs - Offers advanced image-processing algorithms as a service. We seem to be locked in an escalating arms race between users determined to upload pictures of their genitals, and platforms determined to stop them. Pilot lights are evil - Data-driven detective work on where the actual energy usage is going, with a conclusion that's given away in the title, but remains surprising! Articles en rapport By: Robert Haddick
The Persian Gulf needs its own NATO. But just like in 1949, this alliance will work only if the United States leads it. HowtoForge: In this guide I will use Subversion to manage all the Tasks. You can use any other SCM system as well, as long it supports something similar to Subversion's external directive. I'm using Ubuntu 12.04 but you can use other distributions as well. InfoWorld: A number of software entrepreneurs chose to base their business models on this fear. They selected the GPL for their software projects, not to promote some vision of digital liberty, but rather to exploit the fears of corporate legal advisers about the GPL. Their findings support Bare Feats’: this looks like a great option for Mac Pro owners. For the latest news in PHD Comics, CLICK HERE!
Debian has updated openssl (integer underflow).
Fedora has updated F16: pidgin-otr (format string vulnerability), F16: drupal6-og (upstream security update).
Ubuntu has updated 10.04: kernel (multiple vulnerabilities), backuppc (cross-site scripting), and update-manager (multiple vulnerabilities).
IT World: Just days after the Mandriva community started its own plans for the next release of the French Linux distribution, its commercial sponsor has formally announced that the community will take the lead on all Mandriva Linux development moving forward. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Really Linux: The desktop is not going to disappear suddenly because there is a movement to include mobile devices. Fedora Project Leader Robyn Bergeron announced that the release of Fedora 17 has been delayed by one week, to May 29. "GA [General Availability] for F17 is now scheduled for 2012-05-29. Adjustments to the schedule and wiki will be completed later today. We will be meeting again next Thursday, 2012-05-24, for another Go/No-Go meeting." The decision was reached in order to close four outstanding blockers. A second F17 release candidate (RC2) will be spun in the interim. La core team Maarch est fière de vous annoncer la publication de la version 1.3 de Maarch Entreprise (licence GPL 3). Maarch Entreprise est un Système d’Archivage Électronique (SAE) perfectionné, auquel sont ajoutées des fonctionnalités de Gestion Électronique de Documents (GED) et de Gestion Électronique de Courriers (GEC). Maarch Entreprise est un outil de production unique, entièrement open source et distribué sous licence libre. La version 1.3 de Maarch Entreprise est une petite révolution car elle s'agrémente de fonctionnalités de gestion de contenu tous formats ! Et va toujours plus loin dans sa capacité à vous proposer des fonctionnalités de GED et de GEC performantes. Pour découvrir toutes les nouveautés et installer cette nouvelle version, inscrivez vous à notre Install Party prévue le 15 juin 2012 dans nos locaux à Nanterre. Écrite en PHP 5, Maarch Entreprise est une application web optimisée pour la circulation et la conservation de documents dans un environnement certifiable NF Z 42-013, ISO 14721 (OAIS) et MoReq2. Le module de gestion de contenu ajoute une dimension ECM à notre solution SAE. Le module de notification est amélioré afin de prévenir les utilisateurs de tout type d’évènement survenu dans l’application, par courriel ou flux RSS. Maarch Entreprise 1.3 est accessible depuis smartphone et tablette, et permet l’ajout de notes sur les documents. L’objectif étant d’utiliser la recherche avancée pour effectuer des recherches dans les corbeilles de chaque utilisateur, et trouver ainsi de façon plus simple un courrier au sein de ses corbeilles. Il permet également une action directe depuis le résultat de la recherche. Les utilisateurs peuvent choisir à l’enregistrement / versement du document le statut de celui-ci et ainsi envoyer directement le document dans la corbeille correspondante. En version 1.2 et précédentes, un seul statut était possible au versement : NEW. À partir de la version 1.3, le statut des documents peut être « À Valider », « Clos »… Maarch Entreprise 1.2 en quelques chiffres sur 1 an d'existence c'était : Ron Gluckman in the Wall Street Journal: Yet the Museum of Innocence is also a genuine institution and, after more than a decade of planning, a huge triumph for Mr. Pamuk. The author not only curated the displays but collected all the items, grouped in 83 numbered panels, one for each chapter of his 2008 book, "The Museum of Innocence." That novel focused on the protagonist, Kemal, who, much like Mr. Pamuk, scavenged similar items for the fictitious museum of the book's title. In the real museum there is a potpourri of whimsical displays—a skull with a fly on the side, a ceramic heart noticeably broken, ceramic sheep in front of an old Turkish movie poster—alongside banks of photographs of old Turkish celebrities, antique watches, rows of toy dogs. Some describe it as a spectacular example of self-indulgence, but a cheerful Mr. Pamuk termed it a showcase of ordinary life in Istanbul. He seemed elated to play out the grand riddle—what came first, book or museum? "I conceived both the novel and the museum together," he insisted during a private tour a few days after the museum's April 28 opening. Reaction to the long-delayed museum was largely positive, and a general sense of relief swept Istanbul. Even die-hard fans had wondered if it would ever open. More here. It's HighScalability Time: « Incroyable de retrouver Fabius à cette place », commente, sidéré, Daniel Cohn-Bendit, le coprésident du groupe Vert au Parlement européen. Personne n’a oublié à Bruxelles que l’ancien premier ministre a joué l’avenir de l’Europe, non par conviction, mais pour satisfaire ses ambitions personnelles… Conscient de sa mauvaise réputation Fabius, lors de sa prise de fonction, a tenu à se montrer rassurant : « je pense que (ma présence) est un grand atout. D’abord par ce que ça a été la décision majoritaire des Français. Ensuite et surtout parce dès cette époque, j’étais de ceux –je suis très Européen – qui avaient compris et dit que l’Europe ne fonctionnait pas bien ». « Cette affaire est derrière nous. Ce dont il est question c’est d’arriver à dire oui à une autre Europe, de sortir de la crise européenne et de bâtir autre chose ». Fabius et Cazeneuve ne sont d’ailleurs pas les seuls eurosceptiques du gouvernement. Outre Christiane Taubira à la justice, il compte aussi Arnaud Montebourg au « redressement productif », Benoît Hamon à l’économie sociale et Alain Vidalies aux relations avec le Parlement. Si le souci de François Hollande de ne pas écarter les « nonistes » du gouvernement au risque d’en faire des opposants internes juste avant les législatives est évident, il faut aussi noter qu’il les a placés à des postes où, en réalité, ils n’auront guère de prise sur les affaires européennes. En effet, elles sont gérées par l’Élysée, celles-ci faisant partie du « domaine réservé » du chef de l’État. C’est d’autant plus vrai depuis l’entrée en vigueur du traité de Lisbonne, le 1er décembre 2009, qui a exclu les ministres des Affaires étrangères du Conseil européen des chefs d’État et de gouvernement afin de réduire le format de ces réunions. Dès lors, son rôle essentiel est de siéger au Conseil « Affaires étrangères », une instance présidée par Catherine Asthon, la chef de la diplomatie européenne, c’est-à-dire de s’occuper des relations extérieures de l’Union. Le ministre des Affaires européennes, lui, occupe le fauteuil de la France au Conseil « affaires générales » (élargissement, loi de programmation budgétaire, questions administratives, etc.). Mais sa marge de manœuvre est quasiment nulle : il ne dispose pas d’administration propre et dépend en réalité des arbitrages réalisés sous l’égide du secrétariat général des affaires européennes (SGAE, actuellement sans patron), une administration rattachée à… Matignon. Cazeneuve part, en outre, avec un énorme handicap : sa méconnaissance totale des affaires européennes. Le chef de l’État a aussi choisi un proeuropéen pour le portefeuille des finances en la personne de Pierre Moscovici. À la différence du chef de la diplomatie, il sera, lui, en contact direct avec les affaires communautaires : il siège à l’Eurogroupe et au Conseil des ministres de l’Économie et des Finances et il a sous ses ordres le directeur du Trésor qui est membre du Comité économique et financier, l’instance chargée de préparer les réunions de l’Eurogroupe. On peut cependant regretter que le « pôle européen », un temps évoqué, ait finalement été abandonné : l’idée était notamment de rattacher le ministère des Affaires européennes à Matignon et de lui donner autorité sur le SGAE. Il serait ainsi devenu un véritable vice-premier ministre chargé de la coordination de la politique européenne de la France et il aurait même été envisageable qu’il siège au Conseil européen en compagnie ou à la place du Président de la République. Mais le risque qu’il finisse par faire de l’ombre au Premier ministre, mais aussi au Chef de l’État, a manifestement été jugé trop grand. Pour l’instant, l’Europe reste donc une compétence largement élyséenne. Photos: Reuters N.B.: version longue de mon article paru aujourd'hui dans Libération Scott Atran and Jeremy Ginges in Science (registration required): Abstract: Religion, in promoting outlandish beliefs and costly rituals, increases ingroup trust but also may increase mistrust and conflict with outgroups. Moralizing gods emerged over the last few millennia, enabling large-scale cooperation, and sociopolitical conquest even without war. Whether for cooperation or conflict, sacred values, like devotion to God or a collective cause, signal group identity and operate as moral imperatives that inspire nonrational exertions independent of likely outcomes. In conflict situations, otherwise mundane sociopolitical preferences may become sacred values, acquiring immunity to material incentives. Sacred values sustain intractable conflicts that defy “business-like” negotiation, but also provide surprising opportunities for resolution. Read full paper here. Michael Moyer in Scientific American: This kind of outsider’s perspective can be invaluable when attacking a problem as difficult and entrenched as the epidemic of obesity in the U.S. Chow relates the story of starting work at the institute—a division of the National Institutes of Health—and finding a mathematical model created by a colleague that could predict “how body composition changed in response to what you ate.” The problem, as Chow describes it, was that the model was complicated: “hundreds of equations,” he told the Times. “[We] began working together to boil it down to one simple equation. That’s what applied mathematicians do.” And what did Chow’s simple model reveal about the nature and causes of obesity? Basically, that we eat too much. “The model shows that increase in food more than explains the increase in weight.” Food in, fat out. Simple enough to be captured in a single equation. Unfortunately Chow’s outsider’s perspective on the obesity crisis isn’t really an outsider’s perspective at all: it is the physicist’s perspective. More here. Click here to view the embedded video. Doing Journalism in the Social Media Age Discussion with Andy Carvin (@acarvin) & Zeynep Tufekci (@techsoc) Introduction: Nathan Jurgenson (@nathanjurgenson) & PJ Rey (@pjrey) Articles en rapport OpenSource.com: One of the most overlooked reasons to get involved with an open source project is career advancement Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Create And Restore Partition Images With Partimage Backups are usually made in one of two ways - either file-based
which means that single files are backed up, often via synchronization
and on an external disk, or image-based which means that a whole
partition is stuffed into an image file that can be restored on the
partition, containing everything there was on it. This tutorial covers
image-based backups using Partimage from a live desktop environment. Articles en rapport If you own and use a Sony NEX-7 camera, you almost certainly have many minutes if not hours of video clips, showing your shoes, the sky, or the inside of your lens cap. The reason is that the camera has a very badly placed video record button that is far to easy to press accidently during normal handling, and it can't be disabled. Mark Dubovoy has a solution though, and it is detailed in his new essy titled Sony NEX-7 Redneck Edition. Truesense Imaging is the new name for the Kodak sensor division that was purchased by Platinum Equity late last year. The company now has a new web site, which may be of interest to some readers. UPDATE Hasselblad today announced massive price reductions (up to 23%) on a number of its cameras, backs and lenses. These have been rumoured within the industry for a while now, with much speculation as to the reason why. Is it because of the Nikon D800/e? Likely not, because they are even discounting their top-of-the-line H4D-60 by almost $10,000 (6,200 euros). Nevertheless their 31MP camera / back combo is now down to $12,000 and the 40MP is $17,000, still about 5X the price of the D800/e. Quo vadis medium format? We have yet to hear from those that have recently bought Hasselblad systems, and their reactions to this devaluation of their new purchases. Then there's the question of how Leica, Phase One and Leaf will respond. Is the sub 50MP segment of the medium format market threatened? Brilliant Lightroom 4 videos. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport ITWorld: Now that Apache OpenOffice 3.4 has been released, IBM has begun to take formal steps to re-integrate its Lotus Symphony fork of OpenOffice.org back into the OpenOffice mainline. Voici la liste des 10 articles les plus lus sur Les Echos.fr Linux User: Linux Mint 13 has jumped straight to a release candidate, hot on the heels of Ubuntu 12.04s release, and with a controversial switch to Yahoo search??? Wazi: If you already know how to manage MySQL, you can learn how to handle PostgreSQL fairly quickly. Articles en rapport Martin Rees in New Statesman: Everything, however complicated – breaking waves, migrating birds, or tropical forests – is made up of atoms and obeys the equations of quantum physics. More here. From Smithsonian: 1. What Are Fermi Bubbles? 2. Rectangular Galaxy “Look, up in the sky! It’s a…rectangle?” Earlier this year, astronomers spotted a celestial body, roughly 70 million light-years away, with an appearance that is unique in the visible universe: The galaxy LEDA 074886 is shaped more or less like a rectangle. While most galaxies are shaped like discs, three-dimensional ellipses or irregular blobs, this one seems to have a regular rectangle or diamond-shaped appearance. Some have speculated that the shape results from the collision of two spiral-shaped galaxies, but no one knows for now. More here. By: Douglas Macgregor
COL Doug Macgregor (Ret) presented this well-received brief to ILE students at Ft Lee. Articles en rapport By: Ramin Shirzay
The perhaps-unsurprising second- and third-order effects of VSO and ALP. Nous sommes en milieu de mois et ceux qui ne sont pas encore passés par leur marchand de journaux ce mois-ci peuvent actuellement trouver en kiosque : Et toujours trouvable en kiosque pour les retardataires, GNU/Linux Pratique Essentiel n°25, MISC hors-série n°5 sur le cryptographie et Planète Linux n°69. NdM : la revue de presse est ouverte et collaborative. Si vous voulez parler de votre magazine préféré, ou prendre en charge un magazine spécifique, n'hésitez à nous rejoindre sur l'espace de rédaction de LinuxFr.org . Nous pourrons même vous faire gagner un abonnement au magazine choisi ! GNU/Linux Magazine n° 149 titre sur Btrfs, le système de fichier destiné à remplacer ext3/ext4. Vous ferez un tour très pratique des fonctionnalités de ce FS qui met à niveau les FS classiques des distributions Linux : modification de la taille, compression à la volée, mise en place de RAID 0, 1 10, les snapshots (reposants sur les sous-volumes), le tout agrémenté des lignes de commande qui vont bien. Le plus long article reste cependant issu d'Open Silicium avec la mise en œuvre par le menu d'une caméra IP à moins de 40€. Vous apprendrez la bidouillabilité pour pas cher et un peu de temps si le sujet vous intéresse. Toujours côté embarqué et/ou temps réel, vous découvrirez Migen, un framework Python pour maniper et générer des circuits logiques et Nife, un langage proche du Forth pour l'embarqué et l'application pratique de la transformée de Fourier pour faire du traitement de signal sur ARM. Sinon, ce numéro passe en revue les nouveautés du noyau 3.3, vous propose le guide d'installation de Gnome 2 et Java sur OpenBSD pour y développer dans ce langage, le déploiement de SNORT et Base pour la détection et l'analyse des détections d'intrusion. Pour finir, côté astuce, un proxy local pour gouverner tous les autres proxy ! Que les développeurs se rassurent, GNU/Linux Magazine hors-série n°60 pense à eux, ils n'ont pas été oubliés. Enfin, principalement les javaïstes avec un smartphone tournant sous Android, mais bientôt, les amateurs de Blackberry ou encore Tizen grâce ầ OpenMobile. Ces Cookbooks sur Android (successions de how-to) sont très pratiques pour monter en compétence rapidement sur des problématiques classiques ou un peu moins. Les articles, classés à mon avis par ordre de difficulté, sont organisés sous forme de repas, cookbook oblige : GNU/Linux Pratique n°71, toujours aussi éclectique, aborde tout un tas de sujets, mais l'audio (et le multimédia) sont un peu plus à l'honneur avec Ampache pour faire votre propre logiciel de streaming audio à la Deezer/Spotify, Audacity et sa dernière version et surtout la découverte très détaillée (avec mise en œuvre incluse) de Popcorn Hour, lecteur multimédia très complet. Parmi les autres sujets, l'installation de Subversion pour faire du LaTeX, la gestion de projets en ligne avec Feng Office, XWiki pour vos bases de connaissances, MODX comme système de gestion de contenu ou encore BSD comme OS au quotidien avec la version PC-BSD pour remplacer (avantageusement ?) une Ubuntu par exemple. Du côté des apprentissages et tutoriels, vous découvrirez comment fonctionnent les transactions sécurisées sur Internet (et comment créer votre propre certificat), la mise en place d'un serveur DHCP et d'un cache local de paquets logiciels. Et enfin, si d'aventure vous avez encore des réticences à contribuer à des logiciels libre, un dernier article battra en brèche les (faux) problèmes que cela pose. Le dossier MISC n°61 s'intéresse à la sécurité des bases de données. Même si ce n'est qu'un pan de la sécurité d'un SI en général, c'est un très vaste sujet que MISC aborde via cinq articles touchant à différentes solutions : Les autres articles en marge de ce dossier sont nombreux et abordent des thématiques variées. Parmi ceux-ci, j'ai noté l'« exploit corner » qui aborde une vulnérabilité Android permettant de passer root, le « pentest corner » qui montre, suite à des retours d'expériences d'audits de code que la sensibilisation des développeurs est indispensable, vous découvrirez qu'il est possible de mettre à mal la fameuse « plausible deniability » mise en avant par TrueCrypt et l'utilisation astucieuse des clés shellbags de Windows pour faire de l'analyse Forensique. Je vous laisse découvrir le sommaire détaillé. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport ZDnet: According to a report, Google is going to radically shift how it works with its partners in developing and selling Android. Et les raisons de ce non-retour ? Essayons un peu d'imaginer ce qui peut faire réfléchir, douter et hésiter un employeur. La première raison évoquée est que le gouvernement actuellement en place n'offre pas de garanties suffisantes pour reprendre la coopération regalienne. La coopération française, comme celle de la majorité des autres pays aidant le Mali, demande des garanties de stabilité politique, de représentativité du gouvernement par rapport aux institutions. C'est assez logiquement justifié, mais dans des domaines comme l'accès à l'eau potable ou il y a une notion d'urgence, de santé humaine, de santé publique, on est aussi en droit de ce dire que la population n'a pas à payer des divagations politiques. Deuxième raison, la sécurité. Depuis le coup d'état, le Mali n'offre pas de garanties suffisantes pour la sécurité des expatriés. C'est un jugement très personnel et, jusqu'à présent, les expatriés en général et les français en particulier n'ont pas été directement pris à parti et n'ont pas subi de violences particulières, mais je suis peut-être mal renseigné. Je ne parle pas du septentrion malien, zone de conflit sous domination des réseaux salafistes. Autre problème de sécurité invoqué, les "blancs" sont les cibles privilégiées des groupes salafistes et de AQMI (Al Quaïda au Magreb Islamique). Le MNLA (Mouvement National de Libération de l'Azawad) et Ançar Dine ont tendance à lorgner vers Mopti et le pays Dogon. Même si je ne compte pas faire de tourisme, la Région de Mopti n'est qu'à 6 heures de route de Bamako... et les ambassades craignent de plus en plus un attentat qui viserait la capitale. Bamako, même libre, reste encore relativement ouverte aux groupes proche d'AQMI (voir article Jeune Afrique). Il est vrai que, depuis le putsch, la photo de la fenêtre de mon bureau fait régulièrement la une de la presse qui parle encore du Mali puisqu'il est malencontreusement situé à mi-chemin de l'ORTM (Office de la Radio et Télévision du Mali) et de l'Ambassade de France. Mais pourquoi tiens-je tant à retourner à Bamako ? Mon contrat se termine bientôt et je pourrais attendre tranquillement en France. Mais j'ai tout même passé plus de 10 annnées au Mali. Après 4 ans à Ségou, 5 à Bamako et le reste entre Nioro-du-Sahel et Sikasso avec quelques études vers Gao, Mopti et Tombouctou il est logique d'avoir envie de dire correctement "au revoir" aux amis et aux collègues . Ce n'est certainement pas un argument suffisant pour convaincre des décideurs installés en France mais pour moi, dans un pays comme le Mali où les liens sociaux sont forts, il est important et je ne souhaite pas le faire par téléphone. Ajoutons à cela des personnes à licencier selon leurs droits, une maison à vider et quelques petits problèmes administratifs à régler pour être correct vis à vis des administrations en place (et qui travaillent toujours). Je suis très certainement un doux rêveur, mais je crois aussi que la coopération technique et financière est indispensable dans certains domaines (eau, santé, éducation...) et qu'elle n'est pas de nature à mettre en danger ou nier un besoin naturel de l'aide internationale de retrouver des institutions stables et reconnues. Elle ne doit pas non plus être laissée uniquement entre les mains des ONG internationales qui n'ont pas forcément vocation à travailler sur la durée avec les institutions de l'Etat. D'autant plus que ces ONG sont très souvent financées par les états eux-mêmes et les populations des pays du Nord. L'aide d'urgence dispensée par les ONG est importante mais ne suffira pas et ne permettra pas de reconstruire un pays et ses institutions, or c'est de cela qu'a besoin le Mali aujourd'hui. Il est facile de rétorquer que 50 années de coopération bi et multi-latérales n'ont pas été capables de donner au Mali des institutions fortes et les outils nécessaires à la stabilité politique, je reste malheureusement sans réponse et les responsabilités sont forcément partagées. En tout cas, pour préparer les valises et travailler, c'est pas facile ! I was lucky enough to meet Chris Van Pelt of Crowdflower tonight, and it was fascinating to hear about some of the new developments bubbling away at the company. I'm a longtime fan, they add a lot of value beyond what you get from more basic crowd-sourcing services like Mechanical Turk, but I've always seen them as only an incremental improvement on their competitors. What Chris talked me through over beers felt like a true step forward though. We started by chatting about their Real Time Foto Moderation tool. This is basically a penis removal tool for photo uploads; you feed in a stream of images and after a short delay you get back flagged results showing which were accepted according to the sort of criteria used by Apple's App Store for content. I was fascinated to hear about some of the rules - bare-chested guys are fine if they're outdoors, but not if they're inside! This may not sound that revolutionary, but think about what this means. Your application code is calling an API, and getting results back, but behind the curtain is a workforce of humans! Chris likes to call this an RPC, a Remote Person Call. I'm not aware of any other service that allows this kind of unsupervised interaction, crowd-sourcing has always been much more of a batch process with manual transfers of inputs and outputs between the human and automated stages. This is important because it turns human tasks into modules that can be flexibly inserted into your data pipeline just by signing up on the web site and installing a Ruby gem. This changes crowd-sourcing from a cumbersome custom process that you have to extensively plan up-front into something you can experiment with just like you would any other API. You can build prototypes in a few minutes, test ideas, benchmark against other solutions, and start shipping code much faster. Chris is free to experiment on the other side of the abstraction layer too. He might partially or completely automate the process and applications would never need to know, as long as the quality of results is consistent. Human-driven versions are likely to be more expensive than computational ones, and the price people are willing to pay for particular services will be a strong signal of which ones are worth sinking developer time into. There's a lot of hard problems that benefit from a human in the loop, from sentiment analysis to transcription, and I'd love to have a library of APIs for all those that I could drop into my data pipeline as I'm working on new features. Crowdflower is starting to make this possible, so I'll be excited to follow their progress as they roll out more services. If you have an AI-hard problem that's driving you crazy, they might have a solution that lets you pretend we've solved AI! Articles en rapport Articles en rapport The W3C has recently approved the creation of the Linked Data Platform (LDP) Working Group. The charter contains its official marching orders. Its co-chair Erik Wilde shared his thoughts on the endeavor. This is good. Back in 2009, I concluded a series of three blog posts on “REST in practice for IT and Cloud management” with: I hereby conclude my “REST in practice for IT and Cloud management” series, with the intent to eventually start a “Linked Data in practice for IT and Cloud management” series. I never wrote that later part, because my work took me away from that pursuit and there wasn’t much point writing down ideas which I hadn’t put to the test. But if this W3C working group is successful, they will give us just that. That’s a big “if” though. Religious debates and paralyzing disconnects between theorists and practitioners are all-too-common in tech, but REST and Semantic Web (of which RDF is the foundation) are especially vulnerable. Bringing these two together and trying to tame both sets of daemons at the same time is a daring proposition. On the other hand, there is already a fair amount of relevant real-life experience (e.g. data.gov.uk – read Jeni Tennison on the choice of Linked Data). Plus, Erik is a great pick to lead this effort (I haven’t met his co-chair, IBM’s Arnaud Le Hors). And maybe REST and RDF have reached the mythical point where even the trolls are tired and practicality can prevail. One can always dream. Here are a few different ways to think about this work: The “REST doesn’t provide interoperability” perspective RESTful API authors too often think they can make the economy of a metamodel. Or that a format (like XML or JSON) can be used as a metamodel. Or they punt the problem towards defining a multitude of MIME types. This will never buy you interoperability. Stu explained it before. Most problems I see addressed via RESTful APIs, in the IT/Cloud management realm, are modeling problems first and only secondarily protocol/interaction problems. And their failures are failures of modeling. LDP should bring modeling discipline to REST-land. The “RDF was too much, too soon” perspective The RDF stack is mired in complexity. By the time people outside of academia had formed a set of modeling requirements that cried for RDF, the Semantic Web community was already deep in the weeds and had overloaded its basic metamodel with enough classification and inference technology to bury its core value as a simple graph-oriented and web-friendly metamodel. What XSD-fever was to making XML seem overly complex, OWL-fever was to RDF. Tenfold. Everything that the LDP working group is trying to achieve can be achieved today with existing Semantic Web technologies. Technically speaking, no new work is needed. But only a handful of people understand these technologies enough to know what to use and what to ignore, and as such this application doesn’t have a chance to materialize. Which is why the LDP group is needed. But there’s a reason why its starting point document is called a “profile”. No new technology is needed. Only clarity and agreement. For the record, I like OWL. It may be the technology that most influenced the way I think about modeling. But the predominance of RDFS and OWL (along with ugly serializations) in Semantic Web discussions kept RDF safely out of sight of those in industry who could have used it. Who knows what would have happened if a graph query language (SPARQL) had been prioritized ahead of inference technology (OWL)? The Cloud API perspective The scope of the LDP group is much larger than Cloud APIs, but my interest in it is mostly grounded in Cloud API use cases. And I see no reason why the requirements of Cloud APIs would not be 100% relevant to this effort. What does this mean for the Cloud API debate? Nothing in the short term, but if this group succeeds, the result will probably be the best technical foundation for large parts of the Cloud management landscape. Which doesn’t mean it will be adopted, of course. The LDP timeline calls for completion in 2014. Who knows what the actual end date will be and what the Cloud API situation will be at that point. AWS APIs might be entrenched de-facto standards, or people may be accustomed to using several APIs (via libraries that abstract them away). Or maybe the industry will be clamoring for reunification and LDP will arrive just on time to underpin it. Though the track record is not good for such “reunifications”. The “ghost of WS-*” perspective Look at the 16 “technical issues” in the LCD working group charter. I can map each one to the relevant WS-* specification. E.g. see this as it relates to #8. As I’ve argued many times on this blog, the problems that WSMF/WSDM/WS-Mgmt/WS-RA and friends addressed didn’t go away with the demise of these specifications. Here is yet another attempt to tackle them. The standards politics perspective Another “fun” part of WS-*, beyond the joy of wrangling with XSD and dealing with multiple versions of foundational specifications, was the politics. Which mostly articulated around IBM and Microsoft. Well, guess what the primary competition to LDP is? OData, from Microsoft. I don’t know what the dynamics will be this time around, Microsoft and IBM alone don’t command nearly as much influence over the Cloud infrastructure landscape as they did over the XML middleware standardization effort. And that’s just the corporate politics. The politics between standards organizations (and those who make their living in them) can be just as hairy; you can expect that DMTF will fight W3C, and any other organization which steps up, for control of the “Cloud management” stack. Not to mention the usual coo-petition between de facto and de jure organizations. The “I told you so” perspective When CMDBf started, I lobbied hard to base it on RDF. I explained that you could use it as just a graph-based metamodel, that you could ignore the ontology and inference part of the stack. Which is pretty much what LDP is doing today. But I failed to convince the group, so we created our own metamodel (at least we explicitly defined one) and our own graph query language and that became CMDBf v1. Of course it was also SOAP-based. KISS and markup In closing, I’ll just make a plea for practicality to drive this effort. It’s OK to break REST orthodoxy. And not everything needs to be in RDF either. An overarching graph model is needed, but the detailed description of the nodes can very well remain in JSON, XML, or whatever format does the job for that node type. All the best to LDP. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport At 1609 hours a fearsome force suddenly and violently shredded large sections of the glider. The instructor later recalled a “very loud bang” and a distressingly “draughty” cockpit. Dazed and briefly unconscious, he realised that “something was seriously amiss… requiring unpleasant and decisive action.” By the time he vacated the wreckage–noting on his way out that there was no need to eject the canopy, nor any canopy–his student had arrived at the same conclusion. Witnesses on the ground observed a bright flash and heard a loud crack, and craned their necks to see a ball of smoke and fine debris hanging in the space where the glider had been. Below this, the remnant of a fuselage plummeted earthwards at high speed, with larger sailplane fragments fluttering behind. Thankfully two open parachutes were among them, with deafened and soot-blackened aviators swinging underneath. They were the fortunate survivors of a curious and powerful phenomenon known as positive lightning. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport By: Dave Dilegge
Continue on for today's SWJ news and opinion roundup and links to the USNI Daily and Real Clear World. Peter Senge in The Fifth Discipline: The Art & Practice of the Learning Organization, said that, “[a]t its simplest, a shared vision is the answer to the question, ‘What do we want to create?’” As facilitators of knowledge exchange, tasked with helping business and delivery stakeholders reach that “shared vision”, effective use of visual models is a critical skill: Visuals act as metaphors for our life situations, our goals, our hopes, our dreams, and our ideas. People tend to think in patterns, which are how we organize, create, and execute processes, i.e., how we get from here to there successfully. Patterns are most easily understood visually! - Dean Meyers So what does a visual model look like? I like a description from (my all-time favorite resource on communication using visuals) Idiagram: We don’t hold a narrow definition of exactly what a ‘visual model’ should look like: they should use whatever visual elements or styles – diagrams, maps, graphs, charts, pictures, cartoons, etc. – that will most effectively represent the problem at hand. If you’re interested in learning more about communication using visuals, and want to check out some excellent examples of ideas portrayed visually, go spend some time poking around the Idiagram website. As a hiring manager of business analysts, it’s been encouraging to see a general uptick (at least locally) in the proportion of candidates that can demonstrate competency visually modeling flows, mock-ups, and diagrams. In the near future, I fear the BA that is stuck in the rut of primarily writing textual, declarative requirements is going to have a harder time competing for work. Stakeholders that have been treated to visual models have seen that there is a better, less laborious (for them) and more effective way to understand requirements than the 75 page, big, thick requirements spec. Do you agree on the criticality of visual modeling skills to having a successful business analysis career? What are your go-to visuals? How have you developed your modeling skills? I’d love to hear your comments! Visual Modeling: A Critical Skill for Business Analysts is a post from: Practical Analyst EnterpriseNetworkingPlanet: The OpenFlow open source protocol for software defined networking (SDN) took a big step forward today with the approval of the OpenFlow 1.3.0 specification.
I've posted about this on
the OsmoSDR blog, so there's no point in copy+pasting it here.
There are still boards available, so feel free to order if you are
interested in yet another exciting Osmocom embedded
hardware/firmware/driver/software project!
Begin Linux: An object in Nagios is a unit of information, such as a host, service, contact, group, timeperiod, etc Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Using Data to Save: One doctor’s effort to understand more fully wartime trauma, with hopes of mitigating risks and improving the prognosis for those struck. On the NYT. A profile on the merits of making — and sharing widely — thorough databases on combat wounds and battlefield ailments, and the downside of keeping such data in disparate storehouses, largely out of reach. ABOUT THE PHOTOGRAPH Ian Bugh, an Army flight medic, treats Brett Sayre, a Marine infantry corporal, after a joint U.S.M.C.-Afghan patrol was hit by a hidden bomb. Corporal Saye survived. Corporal Jacob C. Leicht, the 1,000 American service member to die in action in Afghanistan, was killed by the same blast. Corporal Leicht was a previous recipient of the Purple Heart, for wounds suffered in Iraq. He had fought to return to full duty, and to be assigned to an infantry unit in Afghanistan. Helmand Province. Spring 2010. By Tyler Hicks. - Associated Press – The U.S. Navy may hurt more dolphins and whales by using sonar and explosives in Hawaii and California under a more thorough analysis that reflects new research and covers naval activities in a wider area than previous studies. The VAR Guy: Will Google Android encounter multiple forks in the road? InternetNews: From the 'I told you so' files Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Tomorrow’s initial public offering of Facebook stock has both business and tech commentators chattering away (though, in most mainstream publications, there isn’t meaningful distinction between the two). Technology coverage is too often reduced to the business of technology. Consider the top four tech headlines on the New York Times site today: “Long Odds on a Big Facebook Payday,” “Ahead of Facebook I.P.O., a Skeptical Madison Ave.,” “Spotify Deal Would Value Company at $4 Billion, “Pinterest Raises $100 Million.” Buried in the all the personal investing advice, some interesting quesitons are being raised. For example: How can a company with few employees and so little material infrastructure generate so much value? What is it that Facebook actually produces? Is an economy based in immaterial products and services sustainable (especially given that it’s profitability is largely dependent on it’s ability to drive additional consumption in other sectors through advertising)? But there are also a lot of questions that aren’t being asked—the kinds of culturally significant questions that business folks and economists aren’t (though perhaps should be) interested in. Here, I want ask one such question: Will Facebook’s transition to a public corporation change the way users perceive their participation on the site? While I can only speculate about how this institutional change will effect users, I want offer a few reasons I think Facebook’s IPO may cause users to see themselves in more of an explicit work-like relationship with Facebook (based on rationalistic principles of minimizing cost and maximizing gain) and less a part of some sort of non-rationalized gift economy (based on principles of sharing and reciprocity). I should be clear, here, that I am talking about users’ relationship to the platform, not their relationships with each other. Users are, of course, primarily motivated to use the platform because of their relationships with other users; however, as recent privacy debates have illustrated, a user’s perceptions of Facebook are important in determining how users use the platform and whether they use it at all. As Facebook evolves into a public corporation, the role users play in producing value may become more apparent and more controversial for several reasons: Facebook’s mystique of benevolence will be harder to maintain - Facebook has actively resisted the perception that it is just another company out to make a buck. In a letter included in Facebook’s IPO registration statement, Mark Zuckerberg said: I started off by writing the first version of Facebook myself because it was something I wanted to exist… Simply put: we don’t build services to make money; we make money to build better services. And we think this is a good way to build something. These days I think more and more people want to use services from companies that believe in something beyond simply maximizing profits. What Zuckerberg doesn’t say here is that Facebook is just any old company. It has a unique relationship with the users who entrust the Facebook to manage enormous amounts of personal data, knowing that mistakes can have profound social consequences. That unique relationship puts Facebook under more scrutiny by it’s users than, say, a company like Walmart receives from its customers. So, threats to it’s mystique of being something more than just-another-company are particularly problematic. As a public entity, Facebook with be subject to pressure by shareholders to make changes for the sake of producing revenue that are contrary to the interests of users. The financial curtain will be rolled back - As a publicly-traded company, Facebook will be required to make extensive public reports on the state of its finances that have, in the past, remained internal to the company. This will, no doubt, lead to an intensification of media coverage on how Facebook is deriving value from its users. The need to justify market valuation - While Facebook’s stock price, like all stock prices, is largely speculative, Zuckerberg and other executives will be under constant pressure to produce new revenue streams (e.g., charging users to ensure that their posts are highly visible). We all better get used to hearing daily updates on fluctuations in Facebook’s stock price. This will have the effect of priming us to think about the financial aspects of our Facebook usage. So, what are the consequences if users start to view themselves as doing work for Facebook? Pretty quickly, users should realize that they are being exploited (see: here and here)—i.e., they are creating lots money for Facebook, but that they aren’t seeing a cent of it. Of course, users do get lots of social value from Facebook, but greater attention to the economic dimension highlights Facebook’s dependency on users (let me be esoteric for a second and say this is the same sort of relationship Hegel was talking about in his master-slave dialectic). In a sense, by subjecting its finances to the disclosure regulations and revenue expectations of Wall Street, Facebook may be empowering users to leverage this relationship of dependency in debates over privacy policy and platform features. PJ Rey (@pjrey) is a sociologist at the University of Maryland working to describe how social media and other technology reflect and change our culture and the economy. Soon on the NYT: One colonel’s quest to determine how soldiers are wounded or get sick, and how they fare. And a look at a potential shortfall in military data-keeping that could prevent a full and proper study of more than a decade of American war. ABOUT THE PHOTOGRAPH An Afghan soldier, wounded when a van packed with explosives detonated at a joint U.S.-Afghan outpost in Sangsar, Afghanistan. Dec. 2010. By Tyler Hicks. HowtoForge: This tutorial shows how to set up a standalone storage server on Debian Squeeze. Instead of NFS, I will use GlusterFS here. So prolific was his output that it was inevitably uneven. Some of the early novels will last the best. They are panoramic, richly-textured reflections on Mexican history, its underlying contradictions of world view between Indian and Spaniard and their sometimes awkward melding in mestizaje and in the country’s revolution of 1910-17. “La Región Más Transparente” (translated as “Where the Air is Clear”), his ambitious debut novel set in Mexico City, reflects on the challenge to Mexican identity posed by modernity. “The Death of Artemio Cruz”, published in 1962, chronicles the descent from the idealism of revolution to the cynicism of the long rule of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) through the life of a politician and newspaper tycoon enriched by graft. The creative antagonism of the relationship between Spain and America was an obsession for Mr Fuentes, recurring in “Terra Nostra”, a sprawling historical fantasy, and “The Buried Mirror”, an extended essay. The narrator in “Artemio Cruz” imagines in a baroque church the façade of the Conquest, severe yet jocund, with one foot in the dead Old World and the other in the New, which did not begin here but on the other side of the ocean: the New World arrived when they arrived; façade of austere walls to protect their avaricious, sensual, happy hearts. You will enter the nave, where all that was Spanish will be conquered by the macabre smiling lavishness of Indian saints, angels, and gods. Mr Fuentes was a leading figure in the Latin American literary boom of the 1960s and 1970s, a friend of both Gabriel García Márquez and Mario Vargas Llosa (as well as of Octavio Paz until their relationship was destroyed by an intemperate attack on Mr Fuentes in Mr Paz’s literary magazine). Many thought it unjust that he alone of these four did not receive the Nobel prize. He was no magical realist. His inspirations were Cervantes and Borges. His language was complex. He employed multiple voices and styles. His upbringing in two cultures, Latin American and Anglo-Saxon, made him both a Mexican and a universal writer. The Greek euro tragedy is reaching its final act: it is clear that either this year or next, Greece is highly likely to default on its debt and exit the eurozone. Postponing the exit after the June election with a new government committed to a variant of the same failed policies (recessionary austerity and structural reforms) will not restore growth and competitiveness. Greece is stuck in a vicious cycle of insolvency, lost competitiveness, external deficits, and ever-deepening depression. The only way to stop it is to begin an orderly default and exit, coordinated and financed by the European Central Bank, the European Commission, and the International Monetary Fund (the “Troika”), that minimizes collateral damage to Greece and the rest of the eurozone. CommentsGreece’s recent financing package, overseen by the Troika, gave the country much less debt relief than it needed. But, even with significantly more public-debt relief, Greece could not return to growth without rapidly restoring competitiveness. And, without a return to growth, its debt burden will remain unsustainable. But all of the options that might restore competitiveness require real currency depreciation. CommentsThe first option, a sharp weakening of the euro, is unlikely, as Germany is strong and the ECB is not aggressively easing monetary policy. A rapid reduction in unit labor costs, through structural reforms that increased productivity growth in excess of wages, is just as unlikely. It took Germany ten years to restore its competitiveness this way; Greece cannot remain in a depression for a decade. Likewise, a rapid deflation in prices and wages, known as an “internal devaluation,” would lead to five years of ever-deepening depression. Yanis Varoufakis on why Greece cannot pull of an Argentina-like decoupling: When Argentina defaulted and broke the peg, the ill effects on its trading partners (China, Brazil etc.), as well as on the broader macro-economy in which it was functioning, were negligible. If Greece leaves the euro, however, the results will most certainly prove catastrophic for our ‘economic ecology’, and in a never-ending circle of negative feedback, will bite our struggling nation back. To begin with, Greece must exit not only the Eurozone but also the European Union. This is non-negotiable and unavoidable. For if the Greek state is effectively to confiscate the few euros a citizen has in her bank account and turn them into drachmas of diminishing value, she will be able to take the Greek government to the European Courts and win outright. Additionally, the Greek state will have to introduce border and capital controls to prevent the export of its citizens euro-savings. Thus, Greece will have to get out of the European Union. Setting aside the domestic ramifications over loss of agricultural subsidies, structural funds and possibly trade (following the possible introduction of trade barriers between Greece and the EU), the effects on the rest of the Eurozone will also be cataclysmic. CIO Journal: Facebook’s recipe for building servers and data centers is not only providing a blueprint for CIOs to follow, but is changing the way hardware and software vendors bring products to market. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Softpedia: The new release of GNOME Tweak Tool also fixes some nasty bugs like the support for the user-theme shell extension, which now requires pygobject >= 3.2.1, and a missing schemas issue. By: Colin Jones
A look at the issues behind the use of private security contractors. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport The VAR Guy: The fact that Inktank has chosen to cast an eye on the Ubuntu world first thus stands out as a mark of Ubuntu’s momentum in the server world. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport
Debian has updated openoffice.org
(code execution) and ikiwiki (cross-site
scripting).
Mandriva has updated imagemagick (2010.1, ES 5.0; 2011.: multiple vulnerabilities).
SUSE has updated openssl (SLE 11:
two vulnerabilities).
Ubuntu has updated sudo (privilege
escalation).
IT World: Geek TV star uses Ubuntu 12.04 download as example of legal BitTorrent use. Articles en rapport Linux.com: Amazon's Simple Storage Service (S3) has a lot to like Articles en rapport Ever wonder how some photos get made? Did he levitate above a small craft in the first blast of a gale? (No one there quite remembers, having been busy in the scramble to get the lines in and then the boat up and pointed where she needed to go.) ABOUT THE PHOTOGRAPHS Sixty-five or so miles out on the Atlantic, S by SE off the New England coast, as a squall hits. October 2008. By Tyler Hicks. In Field & Stream. Top, the opening spread. Bottom, original frame, made apparently by standing on the wet gunwale on the starboard side, up high, and leaning out. Articles en rapport Groklaw: Oracle, as expected, is going to drag in Larry Page and Eric Schmidt, Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Unixmen: VLC media player is one of the most well known and successful open source projects. Soho. Nolita. Dumbo. NoMad? Branding the last unnamed neighborhood in Manhattan. Photographed from the 18th floor of 80 Fifth Avenue (Dailymotion). Articles en rapport Transcript of the commencement address, from The Atlantic: But I will point out Hillary is doing an extraordinary job as one of the finest Secretaries of State America has ever had. (Applause.) We gave Meryl the Presidential Medal of Arts and Humanities. (Applause.) Sheryl is not just a good friend; she’s also one of our economic advisers. So it’s like the old saying goes -- keep your friends close, and your Barnard commencement speakers even closer. (Applause.) There's wisdom in that. (Laughter.) Now, the year I graduated -- this area looks familiar -- (laughter) -- the year I graduated was 1983, the first year women were admitted to Columbia. (Applause.) Sally Ride was the first American woman in space. Music was all about Michael and the Moonwalk. (Laughter.) AUDIENCE MEMBER: Do it! (Laughter.) THE PRESIDENT: No Moonwalking. (Laughter.) No Moonwalking today. (Laughter.) More here. Jag Bhalla in The Wilson Quarterly: More here. OStatic: While waiting for the Mandriva management to decide the future direction of the distribution, the community is taking matters into their own hands and beginning the planning stages for the next release, From Now I Know: Opportunity knocked in 1855 when civil war broke out in Nicaragua. At the time -- as there was no Panama Canal -- Nicaragua was a major shipping transverse. Ships could enter Lake Nicaragua from the Atlantic and drop their cargoes on its western shore. From there, goods would be moved by stagecoach to the Pacific. Walker realized the importance of the country and, with the permission of one of the warring sides, entered the nation with 65 Americans as his army. When they arrived, Walker's forces were joined by another 250 or so, a mix of men made up of American expats and local Nicaraguans. Walker's side prevailed in the civil war, and in May of 1856 the United States recognized the Walker-backed government as the official one in charge of Nicaragua. Walker still needed the local leader to be his puppet regime, but in July, he ousted his ally in a fraudulent election. If you liked this, sign up to receive interesting factoids like this every day here. I have, and Dan Lewis seems to have no trouble coming up with interesting stuff everyday! Articles en rapport MakeUseOff: Popular Linux distributions make it pretty easy to encrypt your home folder or even entire partitions if you’d like, without many issues. Chechnya, Inside, Up Close. A photo essay about the lives of Chechen women on the website of The Boston Globe. Photojournalist Diana Markosian spent the last year and half covering Russia’s volatile North Caucasus region. This year she started a personal project entitled “Goodbye My Chechnya” documenting the lives of young Chechen women as they come of age in the aftermath of war. She writes, “For young women in Chechnya the most innocent acts could mean breaking the law. A Chechen girl caught smoking is cause for arrest; while rumors of a couple engaging in pre-martial relations can result in her killing. The few girls who dare to rebel become targets in the eyes of Chechen authorities. After nearly two decades of vicious war and 70 years of Soviet rule, during which religious participation was banned, modern-day Chechnya is going through Islamic revival. The Chechen government is building mosques in every village, prayer rooms in public schools, and enforcing a stricter Islamic dress code for both men and women. This photo essay chronicles the lives of young Muslim girls who witnessed the horrors of two wars and are now coming of age in a republic that is rapidly redefining itself as a Muslim state.” For more about the treatment of women by the current Chechen authorities, go here. For something about the perils of working toward change, read this. ABOUT THE PHOTOGRAPHS Scenes from a wedding in Grozny, Chechnya’s capital. By Diana Markosian. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport UbuntuVibes: a big part of Toy Story 2 was almost deleted because of an accidental Linux command 'rm' and poor backup system V3: Jim Zemlin, as the executive director of The Linux Foundation, campaigns to accelerate the adoption of Linux software Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Rondel of Merciless Beauty From The Telegraph: Over dinner with Tony Blair, Gould confessed to feeling lost. He had done everything required of him. Why had the cancer returned? Blair’s response was remarkable: “The cancer is not done with you, it wanted more. You may have changed but not by enough, now you have to go on to a higher spiritual level. You have to use this recurrence to find your real purpose in life.” This Messianic statement resonated powerfully with Gould. Throughout his final year he sought meaning in his death. “Death is not frightening if you accept it. It is a time for immense change and transformation, a time to fulfil yourself and others, and a chance in a small way to change the world.” More here. From Nature: Positive results in psychology can behave like rumours: easy to release but hard to dispel. They dominate most journals, which strive to present new, exciting research. Meanwhile, attempts to replicate those studies, especially when the findings are negative, go unpublished, languishing in personal file drawers or circulating in conversations around the water cooler. “There are some experiments that everyone knows don't replicate, but this knowledge doesn't get into the literature,” says Wagenmakers. The publication barrier can be chilling, he adds. “I've seen students spending their entire PhD period trying to replicate a phenomenon, failing, and quitting academia because they had nothing to show for their time.” More here. Articles en rapport By: Andrew G. Attar, Jr.
Andrew Attar adds to his March article on the operational approach to stability operations. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport By: Dave Dilegge
Continue on for today's SWJ news and opinion roundup and links to the USNI Daily and Real Clear World.
Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Really Linux: The battle to position Linux on the desktop has always been tenuous. - Associated Press – Top defense leaders argued Wednesday for the U.S. to ratify a long-debated treaty governing ocean rights in order to bolster the nation’s national security interests in the Asia-Pacific region and other key global waters. ZDnet: Got design chops? Love Linux? Want to go to LinuxCon in San Diego or Barcelona, Spain later this year on the Linux Foundation's dime? We had the vision, and we sold our vision in the way a lean startup would do: sell the vision, receive funding for the project, deliver the product. Turns out it is extremely hard to sell something that does not exist, but we did it. After a while we found our first customer, which believed in us and was the right kind of customer. We worked for about a month alongside them, formalized the vision into a product, writing schemas, functional specifications, project plans, time estimates, wireframes. I think they were quite supportive and not too pretentious. They also saw a lot of value in what we were delivering. We also won a TSB grant, which helped us to go through initial stages and eventually hire our second developer. How to realize what we had in mind went through many iterations. Nobody of us had the complete knowledge to realize what we sold, the company did not have the expertise in house and the possibility to afford anyone who had it, so we had to learn a lot. I am not talking about frameworks and libraries but algorithms. Turns out ML is a very vast field, much of it unexplored. Neural networks are not the only method to instruct a machine to take decisions like humans… there are many others. Human brain can fine tune automatically, but in a machine you have to pick the right algorithm: SVM, kNN, Naive bayes, NN, linear-logistic regression.. Python was the perfect choice for me. The one i have most experience with, and a very good language for prototyping ideas. I had previous experience in a startup using Scala and I was not able to reach the same development speed. I think slow development is absolutely to be avoided in a startup, it is a motivation killer… Generally in a startup you should use things you know well, it cuts development time. Forget all the cool techs you always wanted to try, try them in a personal project, not a serious startup. I know it is a blow, but you have to accept it, it is a matter of life or death. We used Mysql, not Cassandra. I knew Mysql very well already and, to be honest, how many Mysql experts can you find on the market? and how many Cassandra experts? When i joined, it was just me and the CEO. It is a pretty exciting time to join a company, i had to give a direction to everything in terms of software development. We needed a team, but i was not sure exactly what kind of person.. senior, junior, contractor? Our budget was limited, therefore the best choice turned out to be someone junior-mid level with potential to grow quickly in the organization. Which skills did we require in a developer? Initialy i thought we need someone that knew Python but having thought about it.. what we really needed is someone interested in what we do and in the algorithms we use. Python is such an easy language you can pick it up in a couple of weeks, and if you don’t, you are probably not the right kind of developer for us anyway. All we needed is a shared folder for docs, a code repository, a virtual machine and a whiteboard with lots of post-it notes. No need for issue tracking or CI server when you start, but that is not an excuse to get sloppy with unit-tests. I like 5-10 minutes stand-ups in the morning, you get a sense of what the team is up to and you can offer solutions to problems pretty quickly. There is not really time for documenting code either, at the start it is all in the heads of people. I am a fan of writing code like a prose, that is the best way to write docs. - You are in a startup usually because you are incentivized by the idea, team or equity in the company, not because you have a good salary. Make sure you understand this. We delivered our first version of the product a couple of weeks ago… we have a separate production VM for that The service is private at the moment, but a public version of it will be available in the coming months. I’ve been fascinated by critique lately. It’s a fabulous tool to help the entire team – designers and non-designers alike – learn more about what makes great design great. I’ve learned that you can tell that a team is taking advantage of well-done critiques by the new, personalized language they are now sporting. They have a set of terms and phrases that only have meaning to them, but the meaning is deep and thoughtful. I saw an example of this from Kate Brigham, as she talked about the work her team at PatientsLikeMe was doing. They had a term they used to describe the buttons on their pages: lickable. Lickable buttons are buttons that look like bright colored candies and are so vividly yummy, you just want to lick them. They started employing these lickable buttons to get past the dull, mechanical look of the operating-system-supplied checkboxes and radio buttons. Lickable buttons are fun. They encourage pressing. They don’t look formidable, which is important when PatientsLikeMe’s designs are asking their users about serious things, like how much pain or fatigue they’re feeling due to their chronic illness. What’s neat about this button nomenclature is that it’s 100% PatientsLikeMe. I’m not 100% sure of the origin story, but it sounded to me like it emerged during a critique session when the brightly colored buttons first made their appearance in a design. Someone made the comment about how they looked so delicious and the name just stuck. This is often how these things work. Someone just says it and it catches on immediately. That’s the first stage. That’s cool, but what happens next really excites me. The PatientsLikeMe team decided that being lickable is a good goal for future designs. Whatever that means. Now, the team has the duty of exploring the true boundaries of the term. What does it really mean to be ideally lickable? When are buttons not quite lickable enough? When have they gone past the ideal lickability into something too undesirable? It’s in these conversations where the team gets a chance to explore what design is really about. Well-run critique sessions let a designer bring proposed designs to the table, and the team discusses how close to an ideal notion of their design the can get. This testing of the boundaries cements the language and gives everyone a way to talk about design in a positive, ever-learning fashion. The team grows as a result and the designs get better. Critique is hard. Well-run critique is really hard. But the payoff is wonderful, because the team moves beyond the specifics of the designs into learning what makes a great design. Once that happens, you can see the output of the team jump to a new level. That’s really exciting. Linux Magazine: Storing sensitive data like passwords and confidential information on your Android device unprotected is risky to say the least. Fortunately, the Secret Space Encryptor (SSE) app can take good care of your precious data. Darcy James Argue is an old friend of 3QD and a ridiculously talented composer and bandleader. We are huge fans of his 18 piece steampunk big band Secret Society, which played at the 2nd 3QD ball. Secret Society's first album Infernal Machines was released 3 years ago and garnered a Grammy nomination for Best Jazz Large Ensemble Album in 2011. Last year, Darcy collaborated with graphic artist Danijel Zezelj in an amazing multimedia piece called Brooklyn Babylon, which debuted at the 2011 BAM Next Wave Festival. Secret Society is now about to record Brooklyn Babylon, the much-anticipated followup to Infernal Machines. You can support them by helping fund their recording over at Kickstarter. (A $10 donation gets you a digital download of the entire album. $100 gets you a signed copy of the Brooklyn Babylon graphic novel, a digital download of the entire album, a signed CD, and a signed limited-edition poster print of Brooklyn Babylon.) Consider a donation. (Video by Marc Faletti.) InfoWorld: The rise of mobile computing in the enterprise, coupled with the Android's rapid adoption worldwide, contributes to the trend as developers race to be the first to market with mobile innovations. Claudia Dreifus in the New York Times: You are an M.I.T.-trained mathematician and physicist. How did you come to work on obesity? I didn’t even know what a calorie was. I quickly read every scientific paper I could get my hands on. I could see the facts on the epidemic were quite astounding. Between 1975 and 2005, the average weight of Americans had increased by about 20 pounds. Since the 1970s, the national obesity rate had jumped from around 20 percent to over 30 percent. The interesting question posed to me when I was hired was, “Why is this happening?” Why would mathematics have the answer? Because to do this experimentally would take years. You could find out much more quickly if you did the math. Now, prior to my coming on staff, the institute had hired a mathematical physiologist, Kevin Hall. Kevin developed a model that could predict how your body composition changed in response to what you ate. He created a math model of a human being and then plugged in all the variables — height, weight, food intake, exercise. The model could predict what a person will weigh, given their body size and what they take in. However, the model was complicated: hundreds of equations. Kevin and I began working together to boil it down to one simple equation. More here. Laura Secor in The New Yorker: Our bus, clearly in no hurry, rumbled westward along streets of low-slung storefronts until we’d left the capital; it traversed the neighboring city of Karaj, passing a string of industrial plants, and reached a clearing in the midst of sprawl. The space center was a modest glass-fronted building an hour and a half’s drive from any conceivable election activity in Tehran. The regime had bused us all this way to show us a PowerPoint presentation. No one at the space center seemed to speak English, so one of our handlers stepped in to translate. He said jokingly, “I am not a member of Iran’s space program, so please don’t put that in your reports. I really don’t want to be the next Iranian scientist to be assassinated.” (Since 2010, four scientists connected to Iran’s nuclear program have been killed.) More here. This post is a quick analysis of an interesting lunchtime keynote here at the ISSA Summit in Los Angeles, with a broad range of speakers and interesting topics. This one particularly touches my heart because it forces us to think about negative consequences, versus positive incentives and how difficult that balance is. eWeek: FuseSource, the open source integration company, announced the availability of new products that enable enterprises to use open-source technology for all of their integration and messaging needs. Btw, I started a tumblr few days ago to accumulate insights, data points and “weak signals” in a very basic/raw way… I use to put that material into delicious but I’m not satisfied with the service anymore. It’s called beta knowledge and it can be seen as material that can be turned into long posts here on Pasta and Vinegar, in articles/books/reports, or, even better, into design objects. I’m trying to integrate that into the feedburner RSS feed. Storytelling is a natural form of expression. We’ve all been telling stories from a very young age. In the design process, personas become the tool we use to tell our users’ stories. And with good personas in place, usage scenarios can become the micro-stories that drive your design decisions. Kim Goodwin tells us that scenarios put the design into the context of how and why the user will interact with it. In 2011 Kim presented a UIE Virtual Seminar, Designing with Scenarios: Putting Your Personas to Work. Today’s UIEtips article is based on a discussion UIE’s Adam Churchill had with Kim. It’s based on two questions from the seminar: Do you need data to effectively do scenarios, and what’s the difference between scenarios and storyboarding? Read the article Designing with Scenarios: Putting Personas to Work. Since personas are a tool and not your goal, there are lots of useful things you can do with them. In our May 22 Next Step Virtual Seminar, The Characteristics of Effective Personas, Whitney Quesenbery will show you more clever ways to make your personas actionable and weave them into your work. What’s your experience with scenarios? Are you using data when developing them? Share your thoughts with us below. Articles en rapport Unixmen: I want to ask all people that write on public view to stop using Ubuntu Defaults and show to their readers that there are more choices. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Softpedia: The Ubuntu Bliss Lens is a simple replacement of the default Application Lens found in Ubuntu, allowing users only to search their installed apps.
Debian has updated gridengine
(privilege escalation).
Fedora has updated bind-dyndb-ldap (F16; F15:
denial of service), F16: samba4 (remote
code execution), F15: kernel (unfiltered
netdev rio_ioctl access by users), and F15:
expat (denial of service).
Gentoo has updated connman (code
execution).
Red Hat has updated RHEL6: kernel
(denial of service) and MRG2.1: kernel-rt
(multiple vulnerabilities).
Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport By: Dave Dilegge
Via USNI e-mail: On Scene Report Day One - 2012 Joint Warfighting Conference Linux User & Developer: Newly released Ubuntu based distribution Hybryde allows you to switch between desktop environments without even logging out, and comes with Unity, KDE, and LXDE by default. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport I’m going to deliver MySQL Training next week (May 21-24) in London. You will also get a signed copy of High Performance MySQL 3rd edition as an attendee. There's been lots of buzz on the topic of whether or not you should learn to code. As an engineer, I don't have unbiased thoughts on the matter. I tweeted Jeff Atwood's piece because, well, I agree that it's pretty silly to think that the world is going to be a better place if the Mayor of New York City learns how to code. I agree with Atwood that his valuable time would be better spent elsewhere. I believe there are essential skills you learn as an engineer who codes. It teaches you how to structure your thinking, and the process looks something like this: Coding is unforgiving. Its structure is well-defined and enforced by whatever interpreter or compiler you might be using. You are punished swiftly for obvious errors. You are punished more subtly for the less obvious ones. Once you've mastered a particular language, you've also mastered a means of thinking. You understand how to decompose a problem into knowable units, and you learn how to intertwine those units into pleasant and functional flow. Perhaps you've figured out how to get that flow to perform at Herculean scale. There is no doubt in my mind that this is an essential and valuable skill for anyone to learn and master. However, there is a language you could master that teaches many of the same lessons, appears far more forgiving in terms of syntax, and has immediate broader appeal. The language you can learn is your own. I argue that there is an essential set of skills that intersect both with writing words and writing code. Let's revisit the process: Writing appears more forgiving because there is no compiler or interpreter catching your its/it's issues or reminding you of the rules regarding that or which. Here's the rub: there is a compiler and it's fucking brutal. It's your readers. Your readers are far more critical than the Python interpreter. Not only do they care about syntax, but they also want to learn something, and, perhaps, be entertained while all this learning is going down. Success means they keep coming back - failure is a lonely silence. Python is looking pretty sweet now, right? The articles on Rands keep getting longer and longer, and as I'm finishing a piece, I worry, "Is it too long?" I worry about this because we live in a lovely world of 140-character quips and status updates, and I fret about whether I'll be able to hold your attention, which is precisely the wrong thing to worry about. What I should be worried about is, "Have I written something worthy of your attention?" Writing is the connective tissue that creates understanding. We, as social creatures, often better perform rituals to form understanding one on one, but good writing enables us to understand each other at scale. Now... go. In Zen And The Art Of Scaling - A Koan And Epigram Approach, Russell Sullivan offered an interesting conjecture: there are 20 classic bottlenecks. This sounds suspiciously like the idea that there only 20 basic story plots. And depending on how you chunkify things, it may be true, but in practice we all know bottlenecks come in infinite flavors, all tasting of sour and ash. Articles en rapport How To Configure Apache To Use Radius For Two-Factor Authentication On Ubuntu 12.04 This document describes how to add WiKID two-factor authentication to Apache 2.2.22 using mod_auth_radius on Ubuntu 12.04. It is also recommended that you consider using mutual https authentication for web applications that are worthy of two-factor authentication. Strong mutual authentication means that the targeted website is authenticated to the user in some cryptographically secure manner, thwarting most man-in-the-middle attacks. The use of cryptography is key. While some sites use an image in an attempt to validate a server, it should be noted that any man-in-the-middle could simply replay such an image. The VAR Guy: Red Hat and IBM Corp. are countering VMware in the government market, promoting a secure virtualization platform on IBM x86 servers. But here's the twist: VMware has offered a similar level of security since at least 2010. Here's what you need to know. I have been working for a customer benchmarking insert performance on Amazon EC2, and I have some interesting results that I wanted to share. I used a nice and effective tool iiBench which has been developed by Tokutek. Though the “1 billion row insert challenge” for which this tool was originally built is long over, but still the tool serves well for benchmark purposes. OK, let’s start off with the configuration details. First of all let me describe the EC2 instance type that I used. I chose m2.4xlarge instance as that’s the instance type with highest memory available, and memory is what really really matters. As for the IO configuration I chose 8 x 200G EBS volumes in software RAID 10. Now let’s come to the MySQL configuration. I used Percona Server 5.5.22-55 for the tests. Following is the configuration that I used: You can see that the buffer pool is sized at 55G and I am using OK, so that was all about the configuration of the EC2 instance and MySQL. Now as far as the benchmark itself is concerned, I made no code changes to iiBench, and used the version available here. But I changed the table to use The table structure of the table with no secondary indexes is as follows: While the structure of the table with secondary indexes is as follows: Also, I ran 5 instances of iiBench simultaneously to simulate 5 concurrent connections writing to the table, with each instance of iiBench writing 200 million single row inserts, for a total of 1 billion rows. I ran the test both with the table Now let’s come down to the interesting part. With the table purchases_noindex, that has no secondary indexes, I was able to achieve an avg. insert rate of ~25k INSERTs Per Second, while with the table purchases_index, the avg. insert rate reduced to ~9k INSERTs Per Second. Let’s take a look at the graphs have a better view of the whole picture. Note, in the above graph, we have “millions of rows” on the x-axis and “INSERTs Per Second” on the y-axis. We can see that adding the secondary indexes to the table has decreased the insert rate by 3x, and its not even consistent. While with the table having no secondary indexes, you can see that the insert rate is pretty much constant remaining between ~25k to ~26k INSERTs Per Second. But on the other hand, with the table having secondary indexes, we can see that there are regular spikes in the insert rate, and the variation in the rate can be classified as large, because it varies between ~6.5k to ~12.5k INSERTs per second, with noticeable spikes after every 100 million rows inserted. I noticed that the insert rate drop was mainly caused by IO pressure caused by increase in flushing and checkpointing activity. This caused spikes in write activity to the point that the insert rate was decreased. As we all now there are pros and cons to using secondary indexes. While secondary indexes cause read performance to improve, but they have an impact on the write performance. Well most of the apps rely on read performance and hence having secondary indexes is an obvious choice. But for those applications that are write mostly or that rely a lot on write performance, reducing the no. of secondary indexes or even going away with secondary indexes causes a write throughput increase of 2x to 3x. In this particular case, since I was mostly concerned with write performance, so I went ahead to choose a table structure with no secondary indexes. Other important things to consider when you are concerned with write performance is using partitioning to reduce the size of the B+tree, having multiple buffer pool instances to reduce contention problems caused by buffer pool mutexes, using “estimate” checkpoint method to reduce chances of log flush storms and disabling the query cache. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Articles en rapport My grandfather David Thomas had a long life, and packed a lot in. He was one of the youngest lot to fight in World War II, but he didn't like to talk too much about the actual service he'd done. The easiest parts to get him talking about were the people, friends he'd lost, or who he'd stayed in touch with afterwards back into civilian life. He'd ended up in the navy, and on his way to a land base in Sierra Leone servicing torpedo bombers, he'd endured weeks below decks. He knew there wasn't much of a chance that far below if a u-boat struck, but what he remembered was the stink of so many men, without much access to a shower. He got on with it though. That was his strength, getting on with it. At first when he came back from the war he worked on the buses, where his aircraft engine skills proved handy. When the buses went on strike, he needed to keep supporting his family and switched over to a job at the Post Office. That's one thing I remember, he always had wonderful access to catalogs showing special editions of stamps, and gave me discounted entry to the mail-order "Dinosaur Club" thanks to his connections. He was always keeping his eye out for things like that, little ways to help first his two daughters, then the grandkids like me, and finally the great-grandkids when they arrived. He was devoted to his wife, my Nan, too, visiting her every day, all day in the hospital for months before she passed away a few years ago. He stayed active right until his end, despite an array of medical problems. It must have helped that he was surrounded by friends and family who loved him. I remember virtual traffic jams of people coming in to see him in his hospital bed, and within a few hours of a new ward the nurses would be new friends. One of the best presents I was ever able to give him was a calendar showing our pet photos, and the exact name, age, ownership, and character of all the animals in the latest one he received was a hot topic of conversation on my last visit to him two weeks ago. He devored a box of chocolates that were another gift, but just a few days later he had a peaceful end, surrounded by family. He's somebody I admire very much, for many reasons, but his kindness and lifetime of hard work to support his family stand out most of all. I miss him, but the positive impact he had through the way he lived his life will be around for a long time to come. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Lilypond est un logiciel destiné à produire des partitions musicales de qualité optimale. Il vient de remporter le premier prix de l'un des concours les plus prestigieux pour les logiciels libres musicaux. Il s'agit du concours international LOMUS 2012 (LOMUS comme LOgiciel MUSical) organisé chaque année par l'AFIM. LilyPond est un logiciel de gravure musicale, destiné à produire des partitions de qualité optimale. Ce projet apporte à l’édition musicale informatisée l’esthétique typographique de la gravure traditionnelle. LilyPond est un logiciel libre rattaché au projet GNU. L’AFIM est l’Association Française d’Informatique Musicale. Elle a pour but le développement de l’informatique musicale en France, de ses relations avec les autres disciplines artistiques et scientifiques, de ses liens internationaux. Elle pilote notamment l’organisation de Journées d’Informatique Musicale JIM et participe au comité de pilotage de Sound & Music Computing SMC. NdM. : le second prix a été attribué à Pyo (un module Python de traitement de signal numérique sous licence GPLv3). InternetNews: From the 'Most Successful Open Source Foundation' files Dédié au monde scolaire, le logiciel libre Images Actives (CRDP de l'Académie de Versailles) permet de transformer une image en une petite animation interactive offrant notamment la mise en évidence de certaines zones et l'affichage de légendes. Jusqu'ici l'animation était exportée au format SWF (compilation à la volée basée sur le compilateur libre Flex). C'est chose faite depuis aujourd'hui (16 mai). Un modèle « tablette numérique » a été ajouté. L'image interactive peut être exportée au format HTML (exemple). L'utilisateur a la possibilité de compacter l'image source et les polices dans le fichier HTML afin d'obtenir un unique fichier. Il peut aussi obtenir un widget compatible avec le logiciel iBooks Author d'Apple afin d'insérer son animation dans un manuel scolaire sur iPad. Quel que soit le système d'exploitation, Images Actives dispose d'un mécanisme de mise à jour : il suffit aux utilisateurs actuels de lancer le logiciel pour se voir proposer la nouvelle version. Le double export (SWF + HTML5) confère aux images actives une portabilité universelle : l'export SWF conserve une pertinence pour les environnements qui ne supportent pas HTML5 (parc de navigateurs anciens ou certaines applications telles que les tébéiciels - logiciels de tableaux numériques interactifs). L'export HTML5 permet de cibler les appareils mobiles qui excluent Flash. En réalité, tant l'export Flash que l'export HTML5 sont basés sur le format SVG. Le fichier source (extension .xia) est une archive contenant des fichiers svg, xml, css plus les images, les sons et les polices ajoutés par l'utilisateur. Tout a été fait pour garantir aux utilisateurs la pérennité de leurs contenus. L'export HTML5 ne propose pas encore toutes les fonctionnalités de l'export Flash : si le zoom ou le mode "quiz" ont été portés en HTML5, il y manque encore la possibilité d'enregistrer des légendes audio. Celles-ci ne sont proposées qu'en export SWF. Tout a été fait, cependant, pour que l'export HTML5 puisse évoluer : il est implémenté sous la forme d'un plugin jQuery. Ce choix témoigne d'une réelle volonté d'ouverture du développement à la communauté. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport This is the complete version of a previously posted two-part essay. Part one is here; part two is here. Photo by Matthew Christopher Objects have lives. They are witness to things. –This American Life, “The House on Loon Lake” Atlantic Cities’ feature on the psychology of “ruin porn” is worth a look–in part because it’s interesting in itself, in part because it features some wonderful images, and in part because it has a great deal to do with both a piece I posted previously on Michael Chrisman’s photograph of a year and with the essay that piece referenced, Nathan Jurgenson’s take on the phenomenon of faux-vintage photography. All of these pieces are, to a greater or lesser extent, oriented around a singular idea: atemporality – that the intermeshing and interweaving of the physical and digital causes us not only to experience both of those categories differently, but to perceive time itself differently; that for most of us, time is no longer a linear experience (assuming it ever was). Technology changes our remembrance of the past, our experience of the present, and our imagination of the future by blurring the lines between the three categories, and introducing different forms of understanding and meaning-making to all three – We remember the future, imagine the present, and experience the past. The phenomenon of “ruin porn” is uniquely suited to call attention to our increasingly atemporal existence, and to outline some of the specific ways in which it manifests itself. A quick primer: “Ruin porn” is a somewhat contested term for a category of photography that focuses on images of abandoned human constructions, often urban in setting. Factories, theaters, hospitals, schools – all in states of abandonment and decay. As I indicated, there has been a fair amount of heated debate around the term “ruin porn”, some of which I will deal with directly. First, however, I want to talk about the physical side of the creation of the images, before they implode with the digital and become images that we consume. The Carcass of the Ruined Space In order to capture these images, photographers must enter the spaces themselves – physical presence is necessary. If physical presence is necessary, then physical experience is unavoidable: Digital images of ruined and abandoned spaces therefore must be understood to have fundamentally physical roots. They are about bodies in space, even though the body – the photographer – is usually unseen in the produced image. This seems self-evident, but it is significant in light of the fact that there is a deep connection between the photography of urban decay and the practice of urban exploration (though the two factions have also butted ideological heads). Photographers document these physical spaces because, in the moment of their experience, there is something remarkable about the spaces themselves. The physical experience of the space is not a by-product of capturing the image; it is often an end in itself. The photographers interviewed by The Atlantic speak about an experience of “realness”, of building a relationship with the past that they cannot through abstract means. This speaks strongly to Jurgenson’s discussions of authenticity in photography, but it’s also about more than that. We can and should understand abandoned places as atemporal spaces in and of themselves – they are physical spaces in which the experience of linear time breaks down. Through the experience of the space, explorers and photographers (and blends of the two) break out of a conventional experience of the present and into a space where the artifacts of history feel at once fresh and new, and ancient and decayed. Imagination is key to the atemporal experience of these places: One can exist in an abandoned, ruined space and see shards of a dead past on which one can construct a live imagining – who were the people who lived and worked here? What were their lives like? What were their stories? What happened to them? What happened to them in these spaces? Imagining along these lines explicitly carries one forward into the future; it’s at this point that the construction of the unruined past becomes the imagining of the ruined future. Ruins serve as a kind of spatial memento mori for people embedded in a culture marked by production and consumption (and prosumption) of the new and by the invisibility of the discarded: They are gentle reminders of our own transience. They lead us to questions just as the imagining of the past did: What will our contemporary structures look like in fifty years? In a hundred? Who will remember us? Who will stand in our abandoned spaces and wonder about us? We can imagine these things because they suggest an end without really being an ending – there is always, after all, someone else to look and wonder, comfortingly embodied in ourselves. As Will Viney writes in his essay on the “Ruins of the Future”: The future ruin, then, is an incomplete end achieved by an incomplete transition between now and then. It might fill us with a “sense of ending”, to borrow a famous phrase from Frank Kermode, but it is not quite the end itself. The politically, theologically and philosophically rich gesture of projecting ruins, of prophesying the demise of a building, as well as the people and activities associated with it, depends upon an end that can be experienced, a sense of dénouement that is not absolutely terminal. This is not the apocalypse as such, but an end to be seen, to be retold and represented – it is a telling end. In considering ruined spaces as atemporal, it’s also useful to consider Michel Foucault’s concept of the heterotopia – spaces of fundamental otherness that exist outside what is conventionally known or knowable, that may contain profound conceptual conflicts, and that will often be both physical and mental in nature – both interior and external. In this sense, ruined places are temporal heterotopias,1 containing complex interminglings of past, present, and future as well as of both objective existence (always assuming, for our purposes, that there is such a thing) and imagined constructions of how things were, are, and will be. Photo by Vincent J. Stoker So where does technology enter the frame? At this point we should return to Jurgenson’s discussion of the faux-vintage photo. As he describes it, the act of capturing digital images and sharing them via social networks encourages us to “view our present as always a potential documented past.” This is a crucial feature of the experience of abandoned spaces by the photographers who enter them: They experience the spaces not only through their own perception but through the anticipated and actual mediation of the camera with which they document images of atemporal space. There is always another dimension – the image that will be captured, possibly altered, and shared, and the people who will view the image in a form mediated by their own technological devices. Photographers of urban decay are therefore not only imagining a potential ruined future, but a potential future viewer of the present image of a ruined past. Photo by Jim Potter/Blind Owl Underground I want to emphasize the importance of physicality here–one of the crucial – if not the most crucial – ideas behind atemporality in the sense in which I use the word is the profound connection between our perception and understanding of time and our relationship with the enmeshed physical/digital world that our technology is increasingly helping to create. In short, we cannot discuss the digital in this case without first establishing why and how the physical matters. But now I want to focus on that move from physical to digital, the point of entanglement where one shades into another and the relationship between the two becomes truly complex. I want to talk about the image itself, both in terms of its production and its consumption. The Ghostly Construction of the Ruined Image In the section above, I’ve discussed the actual experience of the ruined space that necessarily accompanies capturing its image. I emphasized the importance of the imagination in the atemporal nature of this experience–the construction of both an imagined past and an imagined future in light of the perception of the present. I have characterized these spaces as heterotopias – spaces outside the realm of the static, the linear, and the knowable. What I turn to now is the idea that there is a subtle but important difference between the physical experience of these spaces and the digitally-mediated experience of viewing their images. First, there is the removal of aspects of the experience of time itself – even if the spaces are temporal heterotopias, one still experiences one’s own time within them: there is the process of finding and approaching the space, of entering it, of spending time inside it, and then of leaving it behind. If the important thing about the atemporality of ruined space is the construction of imagined pasts and futures, that construction may work quite differently when the spaces are experienced through immediate static images rather than gradual entry and exit. The nature of the space itself is changed when its image is all that is perceived. Second, the image may or may not hold a close connection with the place itself. In her work on the philosophy of photography, Susan Sontag presented the act of photographing something as simultaneously the documenting of fact and the creation of fiction. There is a real space that is really photographed – but the photograph will never capture all of the space. It is the image that the photographer chooses to capture and share; it is an artifact of the photographer’s own perception of a space. Further, the image will frequently be altered in post-production. The point is that by the time the image is shared, it may or may not bear much resemblance to space from which it was created. If we understand these spaces as time-laden as well as atemporal, then it makes sense to suppose that the aesthetics of the images of these spaces can shape the constructions of pasts, presents, and futures on the part of the people who view the images. Just as a photographer brings her own understandings and imaginings of ruined past and ruined future to the experience of a space, so the viewer of the photograph of a ruined space does not and cannot experience the image in isolation from her own internal narratives regarding what the past was, what the present is, and what the future may be. Photo by Sigma Then there is the question of the context in which the image is viewed – and this is where we must turn to a discussion of the term “ruin porn” itself, and why it is at once both useful and problematic. It’s practically impossible to be in a ruined or abandoned space and have no idea at all of its context; the explorer or photographer sees the surroundings in which the space rests, sees where it is embedded in the larger structure of a city or a rural area, and can usually draw at least rough conclusions about what the space is, what it was, and what happened to it. Though the space is atemporal, it does have a history, and being inside the space gives one at least a chance of making a passing connection to that history simply by virtue of being there at all. But a digital image viewed on a screen is inherently disconnected from that context, unless that information is presented with the image, or unless the viewer of the image cares enough to seek that context out – which, in a digital space, can mean an extremely diverse set of paths to an extremely diverse set of resources and media. And this has direct consequences for how the various imagined timeframes associated with the image are constructed. What do we know about a place from an image and about its past? How do we know it? What are we simply assuming or making up out of whole cloth? And how do these forms of knowledge and these assumptions shape our understanding of our presents and our imagining of our futures? In an instant, we can see a constructed image of decay and ruin that leads us to further constructions of past, present, and future. And these constructions may be wildly diverse and wildly divergent depending on the perspective and knowledge of the viewer. Abi Sutherland of Making Light characterized these images as “like a story prompt, the visual equivalent of a Mad Lib gone melancholic, and the topic is our own lives.” What is atemporal on this end lies in the fabric of the stories we tell to ourselves about ourselves and how we weave those disparate stories together. And we can do this in the way we do this because of the digital nature of these images and because of the digital nature of so much of our accumulated knowledge, and of how we accumulate that knowledge. There is no single authoritative source in this accumulation. If we are poets and scribes, we are also digital magpies; we pick and gather and aggregate from everywhere. As Bruce Sterling notes in “Atemporality for the Creative Artist”, what we have now instead of a singular accepted narrative is a multiplicity of narratives drawn from a multiplicity of sources, expressed in a wild multiplicity of ways. A story of my own: Not far from where I live in Maryland there’s a park that contains the ruins of a mill town that was mostly washed away in a flood in 1972. Not much of it remains, but one day I and my husband went exploring to see what we could still find. In the process of compiling the images we captured, we did a fair amount of research on the town itself, including digging up old photographs of the town as it was when it was inhabited and intact. Photo by Rob Wanenchak That process made me experience my memory of the town differently than I had when I was physically there. It also made me see our captured images of the town differently. Suddenly they were contextualized. It isn’t that the images made no sense before they were placed in context. It isn’t that images of ruin without historical context are senseless and meaningless. Far from it. But we must understand the sense that is made of them as potentially very different in that case. What we know shapes what we know. What we see shapes what we know. And what we know shapes a great deal of what we see and imagine. It is in this sense that many people find both the term and the idea of “ruin porn” a problem. Many of the American-produced images that arguably fall under the category of “ruin porn” are artifacts of buildings, industries, and communities that have been casualties of modern American capitalism, and especially the process of deindustrialization that has occurred in many American urban centers, which has been devastating to minorities and the urban poor. Many of these images have come out of the shell of the American Rust Belt, leading to criticisms on the part of some that the images do not do justice to either the historical context or the present state of these spaces – as evidence of rampant social inequality and a failed welfare state – and that the photographs essentially construct the present of the spaces as more ruined and abandoned then they really are, given that many people may still live in or near them. In essence, they are accused of constructing a romantically gritty and melancholic vision of a past that allows viewers to avoid the more unpleasant understandings of a present or the even less pleasant prospect of a future marked by the scars of social inequality. As Sean Posey of Rustwire writes, One of the best criticisms of photographs of abandonment, especially those made by photojournalists, is the failure to include people who live in these areas. There are still 700,000 plus people in Detroit, most of whom are African American. Their invisibility in photographic documentations is directly related to their invisibility in policy circles, or in discussions of urban revitalization. In a way, accentuating the lack of people leads to notions that no one lives in these areas. Ruins become more about the past and what once was, instead of the present. But Abandoned America photographer Matthew Christopher takes issue with what he feels is the distraction that the term itself presents – a way of dismissing what the images represent and what they suggest without engaging directly in a discussion of what capturing and viewing these images actually means for artists and consumers of art, and for all of us as atemporal storytellers in an augmented world: While the term is extraordinarily useful for brushing off the significance of an entire genre of work, it is much less useful for entering an actual discussion. It breezily dismisses the subject as perverse and pointless with the same carefree lack of thought and responsibility that the original photographers who were described with the term were accused of having. When examined more thoroughly, much like the topic of abandoned spaces, it reveals a wealth of material worthy of pondering. What are the responsibilities of an artist or photographer to their subject, and should they be chastised for attempting to make a profession of documenting ruins?…More to the point, is existing as an object of beauty justifiable in and of itself or must it ‘accomplish’ something? Must a photograph present both sides of a story? The questions I would add to those posed by Christopher have to do with time and our perception of it. What do images of ruined places mean for our understanding of history? What do they mean for how we understand our own mortality and transience? What do they do to our perceptions of time itself? What implications does the fabric of our constructions of past and future have for how we accumulate and value various forms of knowledge? If the term “ruin porn” has any utility, it may lie in the reminder it presents that what we see is only what we see, and what we see is often the construction of a gaze separate from our own. Just as pornography is a mediated creation based on sex without being an actual, unmediated representation of the act itself, we should understand images of anything in the same terms without mistaking them for the “real thing” - if for no other reason than because the “real thing” may prove impossible to pin down, both in terms of time and in terms of space. Images of ruined spaces are like temporal ghost stories: it is difficult to be sure if what we see is truly a fragment of an objective past, an echo of our own future, or simply a shifting chiaroscuro–a play of digital shadow and light. 1 This idea should not be confused with Foucault’s own idea of temporal heterotopia, which is related (places like museums, which contain artifacts of many times but that sit outside time itself) but which I think is slightly different than what I’m talking about here. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport Softpedia: Nautilus 3.4.2 is part of the GNOME 3.4.2 upgrade, which will be available sometime tomorrow, May 16th, 2012. It is a maintenance release, bringing several fixes and a couple of improvements. By: GEN Robert W. Cone
GEN Robert Cone, Commanding General U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, offers his thoughts on the upcoming Army Future Game. Je viens de finir un petit projet en Go la semaine dernière, un assembleur vers du MIPS simplifié. Voici un petit retour d'expérience, en espérant que ça serve ! NdM : merci à G.bleu pour son journal. Pour mes études, j'ai un projet (le dernier avant la vie active !) de réalisation de microprocesseur MIPS « from scratch ». Le CPU est designé sous Xilinx ISE (grosso modo un IDE dans lequel on peut réaliser des designs de composants à base de portes logiques). Par la suite, il sera chargé sur un FPGA, celui-ci connecté à un robot afin de lui faire suivre une ligne sur le sol. De fait, une fois le CPU designé, il faut réaliser un programme en assembleur MIPS, puis le convertir en binaire afin de l'intégrer dans le design du CPU sous la forme d'un module en VHDL. En gros, en entrée du module arrive l'adresse du program counter et le module sort l'instruction correspondante. Les plus attentifs auront déjà pointé du doigt le souci : comment convertir proprement le code assembleur MIPS en binaire ? À la main, ne riez pas, c'est ce que m'a proposé mon prof quand je lui ai posé la question ! À sa décharge, les élèves suivant ce cours ne sont pas informaticiens mais plutôt orientés électronique. Utiliser un assembleur déjà existant. La solution « ne pas réinventer la roue » de référence. Le problème : l'output sera en binaire (logique, me direz-vous) mais je veux du code binaire lisible ! (en gros mon output doit être 000101011100110 afin de pouvoir directement copier coller le code dans le fichier de mon module VHDL). Ajouter à cela que je ne veux pas de header ELF ou quoi que ce soit, juste la transcription du code que j'ai écrit. Je pense, bien-sûr, qu'il y a des solutions pour arriver à ce que je veux. Néanmoins, j'ai du temps en ce moment et apprendre un nouveau langage me semble plus formateur qu'apprendre les options d'un outil qui ne me servira plus par la suite ! Écrire un assembleur à la main. La solution que j'ai choisie, et qui me donne donc la possibilité de réaliser ce journal ! Un assembleur n'est pas aussi complexe qu'un compilateur (et de loin !), mais permet déjà de s'amuser sur un nouveau langage. Linus Torvald : Show me the code ! Céans mon bon monsieur ! En espérant que tout le monde aime SourceForge… Comme dit plus haut, il s'agit d'un assembleur MIPS « simplifié » : Toute les instructions ne sont pas disponibles (pas de jump ou de subi par exemple). La raison est tout simplement que mon processeur ne prend pas en charge ces instructions et que je préfère avoir une erreur à la compilation si j'oublie ce détail que de devoir débugger une erreur qui n'en est pas une par la suite… Malgré tout, il est très simple d'ajouter ces fonctionnalités comme nous allons le voir. Pas de header ELF pour le programme. Comme j'ai dit, l'idée est de copier la sortie de l'assembleur dans un fichier pour que mon cpu l'utilise "tel quel". Pas d'OS, pas de logique supérieure, rien ! Donc, pas besoin d'header. J'ai divisé mon assembleur en 3 parties : Il convient avant tout de parler un peu de la philosophie de Go avant d'aller plus loin. L'exemple le plus frappant de ce concept est le makefile. Si dans les versions antérieures à la 1.0, Go possédait un simili makefile (il était déjà beaucoup plus simple qu'un makefile typique pour du C), tout cela est révolu ! Petite remarque tout de même : Mon projet contient un makefile ! La commande "go build" construit votre binaire… et c'est tout ! J'aime pouvoir automatiser la génération de tarball, le nettoyage du projet, etc. Mon projet utilise yacc (donc conversion du fichier parser.y en parser.go). De fait, go build ne met pas à jours parser.go si parser.y est mis à jour. D'où la nécessité de gérer cette dépendance De la même manière, réaliser des tests est simplissime. Pour écrire des tests pour le fichier foo.go, vous n'avez qu'à créer le fichier foo_test.go et… c'est tout ! Ce fichier se fera automatiquement compiler et ses fonctions commençant par Test seront exécutées à chaque lancement de "go test". Dans le fichier, on importe le package "testing", et on appelle la méthode testing.T.Fail() ou testing.T.Error("C'est la dèche !") pour signaler que le test a échoué : Encore une très bonne nouvelle : Go est multiplatforme de base ! En outre, selon la doc il est possible de cross-compiler à partir de n'importe quelle platforme pour n'importe quelle autre juste en changeant ses variables locales comme GOOS ou GOARCH (et bien-sûr en compilant sa chaîne de compilation pour l'architecture cible). Toutefois, je n'ai pas testé cette possibilité, j'ai préféré rebooter sous windows (à ma décharge, j'aurais de toute façon dû le faire pour vérifier que mon binaire fonctionne bien !) J'ai toutefois trouvé un peu bizarre que la gestion du retour à la ligne ne soit pas fournie comme en C++ (avec std::endl). De fait, on doit faire attention à ce léger détail et différencier les cas selon les OS à la main, ce qui est assez dommage. En bonus, go fourni des outils des plus sympa : go fmt go tool yacc Après tout ce temps à parler des outils, parlons du code, du vrai ! En voilà une bonne idée ! Toute fonction peut renvoyer plusieurs variables au lieu d'une seule dans la plupart des langages. range est un mot clé permettant de parcourir un tableau en renvoyant, à chaque itération, la position ainsi que l'élément courant. Encore une bonne nouvelle ! La gestion des passages d'options étant une fonctionnalité essentielle à 90% des logiciels, le package "flag" s'occupe de cela avec brio ! Ai-je vraiment besoin d'expliciter ? On déclare les flags en dehors des fonctions, on appel flag.Parse() avant d'utiliser les flags (notez qu'il s'agit de pointeurs, on met donc une "*" pour les déréférencer) Go possède de manière intégrée au langage les conteneurs les plus utilisés : Son nom est suffisamment explicite : une clé, une valeur. Un joli tableau unidimensionnel de taille constante… rien à redire. Un type fourre-tout : c'est un genre de tableau à taille variable. Je cherchais à utiliser un vecteur pour stocker chacune de mes instructions une fois parsées/lexées. J'ai eu la surprise de voir que le conteneur Vecteur avait été supprimé de la bibliothèque standard il y a quelques commits… Simple ? Bon maintenant, voyons comment supprimer l'élément numéro i (en C++ j'aurais fait "vect.remove(i)") Pas glop ! Je pense qu'un peu de sucre syntaxique n'aurait pas été de trop pour cacher cette complexité inutile ! Dans Go l'héritage dans la grande tradition OO n'existe pas ! (et ce n'est pas pour me déplaire à titre personnel). Plutôt que de déclarer des classes, on crée des structures. Celles-ci pouvant gérer l'héritage d'une façon amusante : On remarque donc que, en ajoutant dans choucroute une structure plat de manière anonyme (le nom "_" l'équivalent en Go de John Doe…), les éléments de plat sont intégrés dans choucroute ! Une fois notre jolie structure déclarée, il est possible de lui adjoindre des méthodes : En Go, tout se base sur du Duck typing. De fait, afin de pouvoir manger à la fois un plat de seconde zone ou de la délicieuse choucroute, on peut déclarer une interface qui contiendra la fonction manger : De fait, le duck typing faisant son travail, notre slice peut contenir n'importe quelle structure possédant une fonction ayant pour signature "manger()". Au final, un gain de légèreté monstrueux comparé au C++ et à ses déclarations d'objets et d'héritage particulièrement verbeuses. C'est beau, c'est simple, ça me fait pleurer ! Bien sûr, je n'ai pas pu tout tester dans mon programme. Je suis globalement très satisfait de Go, j'ai l'impression d'un langage rapide, et ce dans tous les sens du terme : Rapidité de compilation. Rapidité de développement. Rapidité d'exécution. D'un autre côté, il s'agit d'un langage jeune, avec tous les problèmes inhérents : Peu de bibliothèques tierces pour le moment. Au vu de la simplicité d'interfaçage de Go avec C, des projets de bindings de grosses bibliothèques fleurissent un peu partout, mais pour le moment rien de très stable/utilisable. Un compilateur jeune. Articles en rapport Articles en rapport By: Peter J. Munson
A Harvard Business Review blog entry discusses the leaders in our midst. ...the same network technology--shrinking chips and expanding communications--that creates wealth in the first place. The tracking, accounting, and transmission of each person's wealth and slivers of ownership can happen only because computation and telecommunication have reduced the cost of a transaction to insignificance. Today there are 7,000 mutual funds--7,000 ways to divvy up the equity of wealth creation. And there are a similar number of publicly traded companies that have, in effect, divvied up their wealth to many owners. There are several trends in this emerging equity culture, each one amplified by pervasive network technology. ITWorld: Skype for Linux seems poised for movement after many months of stagnation. But with all the competition, is Skype itself about to fade away? Percona is glad to announce the release of Percona Server 5.5.23-25.3 on May 16, 2012 (Downloads are available here and from the Percona Software Repositories). Based on MySQL 5.5.23, including all the bug fixes in it, Percona Server 5.5.23-25.3 is now the current stable release in the 5.5 series. All of Percona‘s software is open-source and free, all the details of the release can be found in the 5.5.23-25.3 milestone at Launchpad. Bugs Fixed: Release notes for Percona Server 5.5.23-25.3 are available in our online documentation. techtarget: Oracle's case against Google could be more than it appeared. It could be a declaration of war on the cloud and open source. Articles en rapport
9:40
Législatives grecques : Fabius s'inquiète d'un vote contre l'euro
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
9:40
Législatives grecques : Fabius s'inquiète d'un vote contre l'euro
»
International - LeMonde.fr
9:35
Lockerbie bomber's funeral due
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
9:06
Séisme en Italie : les rescapés ont passé leur première nuit dans des refuges de fortune
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
9:06
Séisme en Italie : les rescapés ont passé leur première nuit dans des refuges de fortune
»
International - LeMonde.fr
9:02
Arrestation d'un chef des Zetas après un massacre au Mexique
»
International - LeMonde.fr
8:49
Pour Mélenchon, le G8 préconise une croissance "libérale"
»
International - LeMonde.fr
8:45
L'enjeu des élections en Grèce: rester ou pas dans l'euro-Fabius
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
8:32
Heurts meurtriers entre pro et anti-Assad à Beyrouth
»
International - LeMonde.fr
8:27
L'ancien bras droit de Bo Xilai probablement jugé pour trahison
»
International - LeMonde.fr
8:23
Europe : un risque de 370 milliards
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



8:05
Ryanair reports record profits
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
7:59
Hollande se dit rassuré sur le bouclier antimissile
»
International - LeMonde.fr
7:50
L'OTAN cherche à garantir un avenir sûr à l'Afghanistan après 2014
»
International - LeMonde.fr
7:36
IRAQ: Screw The Americans
»
StrategyPage.com
7:35
PHILIPPINES: China And The Thousand Cuts
»
StrategyPage.com
7:33
ATTRITION: India Has Mercy On Its Pilots
»
StrategyPage.com
7:32
INTELLIGENCE: Mission Nearly Impossible
»
StrategyPage.com
7:32
MARINES: The USNs Neo-Marines
»
StrategyPage.com
7:31
LEADERSHIP: Why Russia Has China By The Engines
»
StrategyPage.com
7:30
"50 Ways to Wreck the Network" - With Apologies to Paul Simon
»
Lauren Weinstein's Blog
7:23
Le Nasdaq « embarrassé » après les incidents sur le titre Facebook
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



7:00
An Introduction To MySQL Storage Engines
»
Linux Today
6:59
Cette nuit en Asie : Wen Jiabao, Thaïlande, cinéma, Asahi...
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



6:59
Cette nuit en Asie : Wen Jiabao, Thaïlande, cinéma, Asahi...
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



6:55
The two 3QD summer interns for 2012
»
3quarksdaily
6:50
A suivre aujourd'hui : émission française, Mediator, Ryanair...
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



6:50
A suivre aujourd'hui : émission française, Mediator, Ryanair...
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
6:47
Plus de 100 arrestations lors de la 27e manifestation nocturne à Montréal
»
International - LeMonde.fr
6:47
Le dirigeant de Syriza entame une visite informelle en Europe
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
6:40
Otan : les projets de coopération de « défense intelligente » adoptés
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
6:40
Afghanistan : Hollande dit avoir « trouver un accord » sur le retrait
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
6:40
Afghanistan : Hollande dit avoir « trouvé un accord » sur le retrait
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
6:35
The Inner Lives of Animals
»
3quarksdaily
It is often said that humans are the only animals to use symbols. So many other claims of human uniqueness have fallen away—thoughts, emotions, intelligence, tool use, sense of fairness—what's so special about symbols, you ask? I share your skepticism, dear reader, and in the next few paragraphs I'll tell you why.
One reason to be skeptical of the "no symbols" model of animal minds is based on a consideration of the astonishing problems many animals solve to survive and the complex social behaviors they actually display. Is all that possible without any symbols? Some of it may be but some may not be. Can a baboon order, classify, and track over a lifetime its complex social-hierarchical relations with hundreds of individuals without symbolic concepts about them? Mary Midgley adds, "Many animals move continually from one food source to another, often with their young to provision, and sometimes with responsibility for a whole pack or herd. They have to be able to think how long this or that will last, or when it will recur. If they had not enough memory and anticipation of order to fit their plans into the probable train of events, with alterations for altered circumstances, they often could not survive."
Frans de Waal writes, "There will always be tension between those who view animals as only slightly more flexible than machines and those who see them as only slightly less rational than human beings." The problem of other minds is even worse across the species barrier. Science may never be able to settle whether animals use symbols in their inner lives, or whether they live entirely in the moment. We're stuck with reasoned interpretation of carefully observed behavior. And at the end of it, long after running the animals through our speciocentric hoops, if certain behaviors leave room for doubt about their symbolic content, why not give animals the benefit of the doubt? As JM Coetzee puts it, "Why should it be the doubters who always get the benefit of the doubt?"
6:30
Monday Poem
»
3quarksdaily
these lungs within; without: those trees
……………………….. —Inspiration.
as from a satellite
in shadows they recede
but I see
brittle peaks
curling from dead stems
dry as earth desiccated by the practices
of men:
that have broadcast life and breath:
transmuted it like alchemists then
expired it as oxygen
alveoli complements
this one withers
.
5/15/12
Withered Leaves
6:25
Ed Bilous: 21st Century Music Man
»
3quarksdaily
Ed Bilous, the composer and teacher, met me the other day at Juilliard where he has created the Center for Innovation in the Arts. Last month he was awarded the William Schuman Chair at Juilliard and you will be able to watch a video of his stirring speech at the end of this interview where he makes the case for re-imagining our educational system with the arts placed at the center of the curriculum.I got interested in music listening to the Beatles and watching them change from being a simple rock band of four guys playing electric guitars and drums to what they accomplished in the recording studio via technology. That was all I needed to set me off. My life has been one steady outgrowth from that early bit of inspiration.
RZ: It’s really a ghostly presence to see those keys moving without a player.
EB: Yes, my credit there is “conceived and produced by…”. It’s a concert based on a photojournalist Teru Kuwayama, who was embedded with the Marines in Afghanistan where he took photographs on his iPhone of soldiers, the war environment, and villagers, and created a blog, Basetrack.org, in which soldiers can communicate with their families, but in a collective manner. It become so popular that it replaced all traditional means of communications between soldiers and their families. I think they’ve tracked 5 millions hits on the website.
6:20
Reading Lolita in Kashmir
»
3quarksdaily
into grandpa’s study.
he loved books
with gilded edges,
Aristotle to Zola
all stuck together
in the humidity.
I snuck Lo out
to his black Chevy,
rifled for dirty bits,
steering her away
for a spin,
teen tunes swirling
in my head. ‘I want
to hold your hand.”
We hovered
over a valley
ringed
by sharp mountains,
white turbans on peaks.
Lake Dal,
in the hem,
polished by a soft breeze.
A paisley-shaped river
sobbed through a dazed valley:
Amputated
tree trunks screamed,
reams of plastic
choked icy streams.
Barbed wire
hedged the Shalimar
Tongas and Toyotas
jammed the bazaars.
An ancient Sufi shrine
oddly gutted,
its rich lattice-work lost.
New architecture
showed no awe
for nature.
Half- widows wailed,
clawed at mass graves,
yearning
for their disappeared.
Nightingales
sang of joy, not sorrow.
At Zero Bridge,
lilacs by bunkers bloomed.
A fighter jet
sound-boomed—
startled stray dogs
howled.
In Grandpa’s black Chevy,
Lolita slipped from my lap
as we returned from
a foreboding odyssey.
Rafiq Kathwari is a guest poet at 3 Quarks Daily.
6:15
perceptions
»
3quarksdaily
6:10
Coordinates: how symbols talk to geometry
»
3quarksdaily
So Let's say we plot these two things against each other: the position of the pendulum is on the x-axis and its speed is on the y-axis. If we take the idealized pendulum, which never stops, we'll find that they form a circle, moving from zero speed and maximum angle, to maximum speed and zero angle. For a more realistic pendulum, which eventually comes to a stop, we'll see it spiral into the center, eventually settling to zero speed and zero angle.
How could we express our prediction of the system's behavior? Let's go back to our picture and at each point draw a little arrow describing the direction in which the system would move if it were to be that point, with the length corresponding to how fast it would move. Again, we're using geometric language, but we're describing the pendulum in a more abstract space. Each “point” is a combination of position and velocity and each direction is a mixture of changes in position and changes in velocity. Going “right” means changing position and not velocity, going “up” means changing velocity and not position and the intermediate directions are combinations of changes. The mathematical term for this set of arrows in this abstract space, which describes how the system will change, is a “differential equation”, and the way we'd usually solve this equation is by starting the system off at a point, following the arrow at that point a little bit to get to a new point and a new arrow, and repeating. Computers do this very well, once they are given coordinates to work with (and appropriate encouragement).
6:05
Monkey Fire
»
3quarksdaily
6:03
Saadia Toor and "The State of Islam"
»
3quarksdaily
Saadia Toor is an assistant professor of sociology and social work in the City University of New York and recently published a book about Pakistan titled The State of Islam: Culture and Cold War politics in Pakistan. She states that the book grew out of her PhD thesis (a doctoral thesis in developmental sociology titled “"The Politics of Culture and the Poetics of Protest: Pakistani Women and Islamisation, 1977-1988."). The book’s official blurb states:
6:00
Old-Timers
»
xkcd.com
6:00
May 21, 2012
»
Saturday Morning Breakfast Cereal (updated daily)

var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
try {
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3727700-1");
pageTracker._trackPageview();
} catch(err) {}
5:24
Linux 3.4 released
»
Linux Today
5:17
Grèce-Le dirigeant de Syriza entame une visite informelle en Europe
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



4:48
Greek election 'is vote on euro'
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
3:31
Serbia result could strengthen stability
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
2:37
Bee Gees' singer Robin Gibb dies
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
2:33
Sierra Leone 'blood diamonds' not forever
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
2:31
The 3.4 kernel is out
»
LWN.net
2:01
Royal Navy – Royal Navy ‘Top Gun’ pilots train to fly US fighters
»
Naval Intelligence | Naval News | Naval Education | War Studies | NOSI - Naval Open Source Intelligence
2:00
How universities helped transform the medieval world
»
VoxEU.org: Recent Articles
We like to think that we have moved on from the Middle Ages, but do universities from that period have something to teach us about the role of government in education? This column thinks so.
Full Article: How universities helped transform the medieval world
1:09
Italy quake victims given shelter
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
1:00
Pourquoi lâcher Athènes serait une faute politique majeure
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr
1:00
europe : un risque de 370 milliards
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



1:00
Six idées reçues sur la mondialisation
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr
1:00
« Le modèle coopératif est terriblement moderne »
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



1:00
Espagne : déficit public en hausse...
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
1:00
Le Pakistan bloque Twitter
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



1:00
Le FMI se prépare à la sortie de l'euro
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
1:00
à chicago, l'otan prépare sa difficile sortie d'afghanistan
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
1:00
Obama : « Let's look happy ! »
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



1:00
Exil. Sourire aux lèvres et accompagné de ...
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



1:00
4,3 %
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
1:00
... et baisse du déficit commercial
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
23:25
Weekly OSM Summary #43
»
OpenGeoData
23:03
PHOTO: Raptor Driver
»
StrategyPage.com
23:00
The Porteus Team: We consider ourselves a Portable Linux Community
»
Linux Today
22:15
DIPIU: BOGUS BAMBINO
»
PhotoshopDisasters
What do you think, folks? The upper half of this baby looks like it’s actually there, but the right hand of the guy looks like he’s cradling something much larger than this kid. I say PSD because of that. Anyone know who the old guy is?
Thanks Veronica for the find. 
22:03
Envy, or, The Last Infirmity
»
3quarksdaily
It was the face of F. Murray Abraham playing Antonio Salieri in Milos Forman's film adaptation of Peter Shaffer's Amadeus that finally touched me off. Who knew that envy had so many expressions, that it was such a great subject? Why hadn't I gotten it before? I had seen Amadeusseveral times over the years, but this is how it is with movies, with books, with everything — you need the eyes to see what is to be seen. But even so, how could I still have thought that it was about Mozart. About — what does "about" even mean? Centering on? Mapping to? Representing? Mozart in the film has nothing to do with the Mozart of artistic imagination or our received notions of greatness. He is a silly little grasshopper, a buffoon, even though sublime melodies are seen to issue from his every pen stroke. He very clearly cannot help his genius; it has been stuffed into him like an irrepressible filling. I never understood: how could the man, the boy-man, be such a fool? It made no sense. At least not if Amadeus was viewed as his movie, about him. But the other night — it took this long — I got that I'd been dense. Amadeus was about Salieri, first to last, and if Mozart came across as he unflatteringly did, it was because Salieri cast him so in his rancorous memory. The gulf between Mozart's personality and his gift was what his rival saw, what his jealous rage projected.
22:03
Envy, or, The Last Infirmity
»
3quarksdaily
It was the face of F. Murray Abraham playing Antonio Salieri in Milos Forman's film adaptation of Peter Shaffer's Amadeus that finally touched me off. Who knew that envy had so many expressions, that it was such a great subject? Why hadn't I gotten it before? I had seen Amadeusseveral times over the years, but this is how it is with movies, with books, with everything — you need the eyes to see what is to be seen. But even so, how could I still have thought that it was about Mozart. About — what does "about" even mean? Centering on? Mapping to? Representing? Mozart in the film has nothing to do with the Mozart of artistic imagination or our received notions of greatness. He is a silly little grasshopper, a buffoon, even though sublime melodies are seen to issue from his every pen stroke. He very clearly cannot help his genius; it has been stuffed into him like an irrepressible filling. I never understood: how could the man, the boy-man, be such a fool? It made no sense. At least not if Amadeus was viewed as his movie, about him. But the other night — it took this long — I got that I'd been dense. Amadeus was about Salieri, first to last, and if Mozart came across as he unflatteringly did, it was because Salieri cast him so in his rancorous memory. The gulf between Mozart's personality and his gift was what his rival saw, what his jealous rage projected.
21:12
Le nationaliste Tomislav Nikolic donné en tête de la présidentielle en Serbie
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
21:12
Le nationaliste Tomislav Nikolic donné en tête de la présidentielle en Serbie
»
International - LeMonde.fr
20:57
The Perfect Desktop - Ubuntu Studio 12.04
»
HowtoForge - Linux Howtos and Tutorials - Howtos about Linux and Open Source

20:23
Sharapova wins Italian Open crown
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
19:52
Want a magic wand?
»
PeteSearch
I've been collaborated on and off with Nicholas Napp for years, including on a National Science Foundation grant for computer vision on mobile devices. He's extremely experienced in the world of traditional toys, as well as video games, and he's had a compelling dream of tying together motion sensors, smart phones, and a rich real-world game system to produce something magic. The gameplay uses precise location tracking and gestural control through a wand to give you an interface to cast spells that hurt or help other combatants in fights, or help you progress through adventures in other ways.
19:38
Chicago n'emballe pas la presse française
»
Le mamouth
19:37
Législatives : des ex-ministres de droite en position délicate
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



19:33
Législatives : pari risqué pour une partie du gouvernement
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



19:25
Une roquette explose à proximité du chef des observateurs de l'ONU près de Damas
»
International - LeMonde.fr
19:25
La France le pays le plus exposé à une sortie de la Grèce
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



19:25
La France le pays le plus exposé à une sortie de la Grèce
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
19:25
« Peut-on sortir de la zone euro ? » : compliqué mais possible
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



19:25
« Peut-on sortir de la zone euro ? » : compliqué mais possible
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
19:24
La Grèce tiraillée entre révolte et raison
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



19:22
Thousands cheer winners Chelsea
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
19:00
Mageia 2 and the default GNOME 3 desktop
»
Linux Today
18:34
What next if Greece quits the euro?
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
18:25
Retrait d'Afghanistan : les talibans se réjouissent de la décision de François Hollande
»
Secret défense
Les talibans ont appelé aujourd'hui les pays membres de l'Otan à se désolidariser de la position américaine et à suivre l'exemple français, rapportent les agences de presse. La décision du chef de l'Etat français est "basée sur des réalités et reflète l'opinion de sa nation", affirment-ils dans un communiqué paru sur Voice of Jihad, que l'on peut lire intégralement en cliquant ici. "Nous appelons tous les autres pays membres de l'Otan à éviter de travailler pour les intérêts politiques des responsables américains et à écouter les appels de leur peuple en retirant immédiatement toutes leurs troupes d'Afghanistan", poursuivent-ils.
18:07
OTAN : pas de retrait précipité d'Afghanistan
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



18:00
Cardboard Prophet: Hacking the 3D Experience at Caine’s Arcade
»
Cyborgology




17:32
Algérie: l'excédent commercial s'affiche à plus de 54 %
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
17:28
Sa Majesté ne transpire pas !
»
International - LeMonde.fr
17:26
CLIC-CLAC Pete Souza, le photographe d'Obama a encore frappé
»
International - LeMonde.fr
17:17
Facebook effectue un démarrage poussif sur le Nasdaq
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



17:17
Lettres madrilènes
»
Le mamouth
17:05
Lone bomber sought in Italy blast
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
17:03
L'épineuse question du retrait français d'Afghanistan
»
Le mamouth
16:25
Une sortie de la Grèce de l'euro peut être évitée, selon Schäuble
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



16:25
Une sortie de la Grèce de l'euro peut être évitée, selon Schäuble
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
16:06
Lockerbie case questions remain
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
16:05
McCarthy tipped for Bafana return
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
15:49
L'Italie aurait présenté un projet de garantie bancaire au G8
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



15:49
L'Italie aurait présenté un projet de garantie bancaire au G8
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
15:46
Marine Le Pen appelle à « une grande recomposition » de la droite
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



15:00
Government reneges on open source promise for Cloudstore 2.0
»
Linux Today
14:57
Schäuble juge qu'un départ de la Grèce de l'euro peut être évité
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
14:48
Lockerbie bomber Megrahi is dead
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
14:46
Le Libyen Al-Megrahi, condamné pour l'attentat de Lockerbie, est mort
»
International - LeMonde.fr
14:46
[nt]
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
14:44
Sudan releases foreign nationals
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
14:43
Crise de la zone euro : les armes aux mains des européens
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



14:43
Crise de la zone euro : les armes aux mains des Européens
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



14:43
Crise de la zone euro : les armes aux mains des européens
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
14:43
Crise de la zone euro : les armes aux mains des Européens
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
14:42
Against the Infantilization of the Natural History Museum
»
3quarksdaily
It has often struck me that no greater misfortune can befall a natural history museum than for it to come into enough money for renovations. These typically take the form of interactive screens displaying 'fun facts' directed at eight-year-olds, and they require the removal of anything that reeks of the past, which is to say also the removal of the very idea of natural history, in favor of some eternally present, unceasingly entertaining, Chuck E. Cheese-like arcade.
14:40
Mathematicians Come Closer to Solving Goldbach's Weak Conjecture
»
3quarksdaily
35 = 19 + 13 + 3
or
77 = 53 + 13 + 11
Mathematician Terence Tao of the University of California, Los Angeles, has now inched toward a proof. He has shown that one can write odd numbers as sums of, at most, five primes—and he is hopeful about getting that down to three. Besides the sheer thrill of cracking a nut that has eluded some of the best minds in mathematics for nearly three centuries, Tao says, reaching that coveted goal might lead mathematicians to ideas useful in real life—for example, for encrypting sensitive data.
14:35
Lockerbie bomber Megrahi 'dead'
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
14:34
"Grexit": la tentation du pire
»
Coulisses de Bruxelles, UE
La sortie de la Grèce de la zone euro est activement préparée par les partenaires d’Athènes et les instances communautaires qui doutent de plus en plus de la volonté de ce pays de se réformer. Un groupe de travail composé des directeurs des trésors de la zone euro ainsi que de représentants de la Commission et de la Banque centrale européenne (BCE) a même été mis secrètement mis en place cette semaine, selon nos informations, pour peaufiner les détails du « Grexit », cet acronyme anglais signifiant « Greece exit ». Karel De Gucht, le commissaire européen chargé du commerce international, a même vendu en partie la mèche en affirmant, hier, dans un entretien au quotidien belge néerlandophone, De Standaard, qu’il « y a, à la fois au sein de la BCE et de la Commission européenne, des services qui travaillent sur des scénarios d’urgence dans le cas où la Grèce ne parvienne pas » à mettre en œuvre les réformes promises. Pour lui, « la fin de partie est arrivée ».
14:14
Nato to discuss Afghan withdrawal
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
14:14
Schäuble (Allemagne)-Un départ de la Grèce de l'euro peut être évité
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



14:02
LLN - Session : Atelier sur le chiffrement avec GPG - 21 mai 2012 à Lille
»
DLFP - Dépêches de page principale
En pratique
13:55
The Women of Minyore
»
AfriGadget

The ladies collect plastic bags to make baskets and other art works for sale. Lucy Wambui is among the women and she holds a dozen of plastic bags. Some blue, black or printed in the affordable colors of a local supermarket. ‘We don’t like working here,’ she says. ‘But we are not educated and don’t have jobs. That’s the reason why we came here.’

13:52
Drame de Carcassonne : un "dépôt clandestin" de munitions chez les commandos parachutistes
»
Secret défense
L'ordonnance de renvoi de six militaires du 3ème RPIMa, en date du 18 mai, contient des précisions sur l'arrière-plan du drame lors de la journée porte-ouvertes, au cours duquel 19 personnes ont été blessées, dont certaines très sérieusement. Un éclairage particulier est jeté sur la gestion des munitions par le Groupe de commandos parachutistes (GCP) du régiment. Voilà ce qu'on peut lire dans le document judiciaire (c'est nous qui soulignons):
"A l'occasion de l'enquête administrative de commandement réalisée à la suite de l'accident, le 2 juillet 2008, de nombreuses munitions étaient découvertes irrégulièrement stockées dans un local réservé au GCOP, dont des munitions d'exercice à blanc, mais aussi six caisses renfermant notamment 5200 munitions de guerre cal 5;56 en vrac. De l'aveu général du GCP, ce stock provenait de reliquats grappillés par les membres du commando au cours de divers exercices de tir, et ce depuis plus de cinq ans.
Conformément à une pratique répandue dans les unités d'élite, ce dépôt clandestin avait été constitué, d'une part, pour éluder la lourde procédure militaire de réintégration de smuntions non-utilisées, d'autre part pour permettre aux membres du commando de disposer immédiatement pour certains exercices d'un supplément de munitions. A cette fin, à l'issue d'exercices de tir, les bulletins de mouvements des munitions, signés au GCP par le munitionnaire et le directeur du tir concernés, étaient mensongèrement renseignés, comptabilisant comme consommées des munitions en réalité non-utilisées et ainsi détournées.
Ce stock devait être toutefois replacé dans son contexte. Le 3ème RPIMa consomme de l'ordre de 500.000 munitions de guerre par an (et 35 millions par an pour l'armée de terre).
Selon l'enquête de commandement, la majeure partie des munitions saisies provenaient de perceptions faites à l'extérieur du 3ème RPIMa, le GCP étant souvent employé pour des missions au profit de la 11ème Brigade parachutiste.
La découverte d'un important stock illicite de munitions dans les locaux du GCP révélait un certain laxisme (...) Avaient été délibérément méconnues les consignes militaires permanentes et réitérées (...) La faute caractérisée consistait (...) à avoir favorisé dangereusement la dissipation des munitions de guerre et leur usage inadéquat".
Le document précise plus loin que "200 kilos" de munitions diverses ont été découvertes dans le local du GCP, qui se composait de 20 commandos.
Six militaires seront finalement jugés par le Tribunal correctionnel de Montpellier, sans doute à l'automne : le sergent Nicolas Vizioz (qui a tiré sur la foule), le lieutenant Christophe Allard et le capitaine Hugues Bonningues, cadre du GCP, le capitaine Jean-Baptiste Pothier (organisateur des démonstrations), le lieutenant-colonel Lionel Peyre (commandant en second) et le colonel Frédéric Merveilleux du Vignaux (chef de corps). L'adjudant-chef Claude Chocquet, munitionnaire du régiment, bénéficie d'un non-lieu.
Nicolas Vizioz a été révoqué de l'armée. Actuellement intérimaire, le juge d'instruction précise qu'il "ne cherche pas à fuir ses responsabilités mais les assume avec courage". Le lieutenant Allard a démissionné et le contrat du capitaine Bonningue s n'a pas été renouvelé. Le colonel Merveilleux du Vignaux a quitté l'institution l'an dernier. L'adjudant-chef Chocquet (qui ne sera pas jugé) est parti à la retraite. Les deux [et non trois comme nous écrivions précédemment par erreur, concernant le colonel] autres officiers sont toujours en service actif.
13:43
[nt]
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
13:17
Can you identify?
»
3quarksdaily
The news of recent research documenting how readers identify with the main characters in stories has mostly been taken as confirmation of the value of literary role models. Lisa Libby, an assistant professor at Ohio State University and co-author of a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, explained that subjects who read a short story in which the protagonist overcomes obstacles in order to vote were more likely to vote themselves several days later. The suggestibility of readers isn’t news. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s novel of a sensitive young man destroyed by unrequited love, “The Sorrows of Young Werther,” inspired a rash of suicides by would-be Werthers in the late 1700s. Jack Kerouac has launched a thousand road trips. Still, this is part of science’s job: Running empirical tests on common knowledge — if for no other reason than because common knowledge (and common sense) is often wrong.
13:09
Pencil vs Camera
»
3quarksdaily
Belgian artist Ben Heine blends photography and pencil sketches to create imaginary scenes. He explains: "I find a location, do a drawing, then take a photo to combine with the drawing.
12:49
Sunday Poem
»
3quarksdaily
... —static: from the Latin sto, stare, to stand.
In a simple pyramid on a white china plate.
That was left hanging in the kitchen of the house
The windshield of the car her husband was driving.
After toast and tea, she would stand before the frame.
She could almost hear a low hum, the static of objects
The one sound when everything is standing still.
.
by H.L. Spelman
12:21
Longuet et Copé critiquent la position de Hollande sur l'Afghanistan
»
International - LeMonde.fr
12:18
La démilitarisation de la sécurité publique au Mexique n'est pas réaliste, assure Héctor Aguilar Camin
»
International - LeMonde.fr
12:10
Rythmes scolaires : les communes prêtes à s'adapter
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



12:04
Fourth proposal for the nano-SIM Card (4FF)
»
3G and 4G Wireless Blog
According to The Register:
At issue is the shape and size of the standard next-generation SIM: Apple and a band of network operators want a tray-requiring shape and contacts that would permit a convertor for backwards compatibility with chunkier old SIMs. Nokia, Motorola and RIM have pushed for a new contact pattern and a notched SIM for clunk-click, and tray-less, insertion.
The new proposal, apparently put forward by RIM and Motorola, is a compromise but it hasn't secured backing from either of the most-belligerent parties - yet. Copies of the design, as well as Moto's presentation in March that compared the competing interfaces, have been seen by the chaps at The Verge.
What all parties agree on is that a smaller SIM is needed: the first SIMs were the same size as credit cards (conforming to ISO7816), while the second form factor (2FF) is the SIM with which most of us are familiar (conforming to GSM 11.11). Next was the microSIM (3FF), popularised by Apple's adoption in the iPhone; the 3FF just trims off the excess plastic while maintaining the contact pattern.
The undecided 4FF standard (dubbed the nanoSIM) will be thinner as well as smaller, and almost certainly feature a different contact pattern to make that practical, although how different is part of the ongoing debate.
The Apple-backed 4FF proposal was for a contact-compatible SIM with smooth sides necessitating an insertion tray, while Nokia wanted the contacts shifted to the far end and a notch along the side for easy push-to-lock fitting. The new RIM-Moto proposal, if genuine, places the contacts in compatible locations while maintaining the Nokia notch, appeasing both parties or perhaps annoying them both equally.
There have been claims that Nokia is just trying to protect its patent income, fanned by Apple's offer to waive its own IP fees if its proposal were adopted. That's something of a red herring as Apple's hasn't much IP in this area and Nokia's patents cover much more than the physical shape of the SIM so its revenue is pretty much assured.
Not that Nokia has helped itself by threatening to deny patent licences if its own proposal isn't adopted, claiming that Apple's divergence from rules laid down by telecoms standards body ETSI relives Nokia of its FRAND commitment to licence its technology on a fair and reasonable basis.
A slidepack by RIM on the 4FF UICC is embedded below and available to download from slideshare:
4FF: The next generation UICC
View more presentations from Zahid Ghadialy
11:52
sonnet 110
»
3quarksdaily
11:42
VIDEO: Deadly earthquake in northern Italy
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
11:35
VIDEO: Bankruptcy fears in Greek town
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
11:30
Afghanistan : Longuet juge la position de Hollande « intenable »
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



11:30
Afghanistan : Longuet et Copé critiquent la position de Hollande
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



11:23
VIDEO: Nato summit to focus on Afghanistan
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
11:06
Chelsea fans jubilant at cup win
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
11:00
Running OXID eShop Community Edition On Nginx on Debian Squeeze/Ubuntu 11.10
»
Linux Today
10:30
Libre sur Seiche du 22 au 26 mai 2012
»
DLFP - Dépêches de page principale
Jeux vidéo, musique, littérature, cartes du monde, généalogie… De la technologie à la culture et au divertissement, l’univers du Libre est accessible à tous. Cette manifestation propose des démonstrations de logiciels, des rencontres, des débats et des animations.
10:30
InterTice Logiciel Libre
»
DLFP - Dépêches de page principale

10:14
Obama accueille le sommet de l'Otan à Chicago
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



9:58
SURFACE FORCES
: The New Chinese Patrol Fleet
»
StrategyPage.com
9:58
SEA TRANSPORTATION: EU Air Strike On Pirate Port
»
StrategyPage.com
9:58
ATTRITION: Big UAV Breeds Big Doubts
»
StrategyPage.com
9:58
ETHIOPIA: Wars On Many Fronts
»
StrategyPage.com
9:57
The truth about Facebook
»
Memex 1.1
9:57
SEA TRANSPORTATION: EU Air Strike On Pirate Port
»
StrategyPage.com
9:56
ATTRITION: Big UAV Breeds Big Doubts
»
StrategyPage.com
9:56
SURFACE FORCES
: The New Chinese Patrol Fleet
»
StrategyPage.com
9:48
20 May SWJ Roundup
»
SWJ Blog
9:48
One Area Where China Should Definitely Stop Ripping Off The West: Copyright Law
»
open...
When it comes to ACTA and TPP, China is the elephant in the room -- or maybe that should be the dragon in the room. For without China's participation, these treaties designed to reduce counterfeiting will have little effect. And despite rather desperate optimism on the part of some that China will rush to sign up, itscomments so far suggest otherwise.
On Techdirt.
9:47
London Police To Extract Data From Suspects' Mobile Phones -- And Keep It Even If No Charges Are Brought
»
open...
As the mobile phone moves closer to the center of daily life in many parts of the world, combining phone, computer, camera, diary, music player, and much else all in one, it becomes a concentrated store of the digital DNA that defines us -- who we talk to, what we search for, who we meet, what we listen to. However convenient that may be for us as users, it's also extremely dangerous if it falls into the wrong hands.
On Techdirt.
9:45
Poland Betrays Its Past, Moves Closer To Allowing Software Patents
»
open...
Earlier this year, Poland played a crucial role in igniting street protests that pretty much stopped ACTA in its tracks. That's not the first time it has had a major impact on European tech policy. Half a decade earlier, it derailed a proposed EU software patent directive, which had sought to make software patentable in Europe -- something that Article 52 of the European Patent Convention had appeared to rule out. That led to a later vote in the European Parliament wheresoftware patents were decisively rejected.
On Techdirt.
9:44
ACTA Update XVI
»
open...
On Monday I posted my talk "Before and After SOPA".
In it, there's a reference to "country club" treaties (slide 17) that
may have intrigued some people. It's a term I came across recently, and
I think provides us with a useful way of thinking about ACTA (and TPP).
On Open Enterprise blog.
9:43
The Sky Continues To Rise: EU Gross Box Office Returns And EU Film Production Both Hit Record Highs In 2011
»
open...
Even though just about every objective statistic suggests otherwise, the copyright industries still take turns bemoaning the terrible toll that piracy is supposedly taking on their markets. So it's good to come across some official figures that suggest the contrary, particularly because in this case they come from the European Audiovisual Observatory—not a market research company, but a public service body. Here are the latest numbers for the European film industry:
On Techdirt.
9:41
UK ISPs Are Already Planning To Offer Porn Filters -- So Who Needs New Legislation?
»
open...
Last week Techdirt wrote about the possible introduction of an "opt-in" license to view porn online in the UK. As we noted then, there is nothing to stop parents from installing their own filters to block access to certain kinds of Web sites now. But it seems that soon, they won't even have to do that:
On Techdirt.
9:40
How Microsoft Fought True Open Standards V
»
open...
Ten years ago, people were saying that open source would never be
able to best proprietary software. But what they overlooked was the
fact that Apache had already beaten Microsoft's IIS Web server offering back in the mid-1990s, and had never lost that leadership once.
On Open Enterprise blog.
9:38
They're Not 'Orphan Works', They're 'Hostage Works'
»
open...
Words matter -- just think of the number of times flame wars have broken out in Techdirt's comments over whether you can "steal" music or films. But one phrase that nobody really questions is "orphan work". And yet, as Lydia Pallas Loren points out in a brilliant paper, this is a loaded term with a very particular agenda:
On Techdirt.
9:37
Harvard And MIT Back Open Education With $60 Million Online Learning Project
»
open...
News that Harvard University is the latest to join the growing revolt against the exorbitant pricing of academic journals caused something of a stir recently -- although it has been pointed out that its case would be stronger if it followed its own advice and made the Harvard Business Review open access, or at least cheaper.
On Techdirt.
9:36
Législatives : Mélenchon battrait Le Pen à Hénin-Beaumont
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



9:35
Before and After SOPA
»
open...
A few weeks ago, I gave a talk at the Reykjavik Digital Freedoms Conference with the title "Before and After SOPA".
Much of it will be familiar to readers of this blog, since it was
reviewing the events around the extraordinary anti-SOPA Internet
Blackout Day on January 18, which has now emerged as a turning-point in
Net activism, and exploring what might happen now. As usual, I've
embedded my slides below, and they may also be viewed online and downloaded.
On Open Enterprise blog.
9:22
Taming the email monster
»
Memex 1.1
8:56
Phone hack police chief to retire
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
8:51
Three killed in Italy earthquake
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
8:37
Au moins trois morts dans un séisme dans le nord-est de l'Italie
»
International - LeMonde.fr
7:00
Mandriva has become a joke
»
Linux Today
6:11
VIDEO: Norway's self-sufficient prison
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
5:54
Sudan's Bashir 'ready for peace'
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
5:47
Poetry on the Brink: Reinventing the Lyric
»
3quarksdaily
The national (or even transnational) demand for a certain kind of prize-winning, “well-crafted” poem—a poem that the New Yorker would see fit to print and that would help its author get one of the “good jobs” advertised by the Association of Writers & Writing Programs—has produced an extraordinary uniformity. Whatever the poet’s ostensible subject—and here identity politics has produced a degree of variation, so that we have Latina poetry, Asian American poetry, queer poetry, the poetry of the disabled, and so on—the poems you will read in American Poetry Review or similar publications will, with rare exceptions, exhibit the following characteristics: 1) irregular lines of free verse, with little or no emphasis on the construction of the line itself or on what the Russian Formalists called “the word as such”; 2) prose syntax with lots of prepositional and parenthetical phrases, laced with graphic imagery or even extravagant metaphor (the sign of “poeticity”); 3) the expression of a profound thought or small epiphany, usually based on a particular memory, designating the lyric speaker as a particularly sensitive person who really feels the pain, whether of our imperialist wars in the Middle East or of late capitalism or of some personal tragedy such as the death of a loved one.
4:58
Lemon 'wants Carry On success'
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
4:00
osmo-lea6t-gps timing module DIY kits available
»
Harald Welte's blog
3:10
Nato's missile shield 'up and running'
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
3:00
NASA Drops Development for OpenStack Cloud Computing Software
»
Linux Today
3:00
10 Best Free Linux Issue Tracking Systems
»
Linux Today
2:56
Serbian voters to elect president
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
2:20
Drogba's delivers for Chelsea on the biggest stage
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
2:20
Drogba's delivers for Chelsea on the biggest stage
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
2:01
French Navy – France: U.K. F-35 Pick Could Reduce Naval Cooperation
»
Naval Intelligence | Naval News | Naval Education | War Studies | NOSI - Naval Open Source Intelligence
2:00
Trade and inequality: New insights from Brazil
»
VoxEU.org: Recent Articles
What is the effect of trade on inequality? This column presents a unique study examining wage inequality in Brazil after liberalisation. Starting from a closed economy, the column finds that wage inequality will initially rise as only some firms take advantage of the new opportunities. But as trade costs continue to fall and more firms start to trade, wage inequality peaks and begins to fall back.
Full Article: Trade and inequality: New insights from Brazil
1:14
Obama: EU 'must focus on growth'
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
1:13
'Cursing stone' found on island
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
0:47
VIDEO: First theatre opens in SA's Soweto
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
0:45
PHOTO: ANG Acrobatic Team
»
StrategyPage.com
0:08
Entente cordiale (suite)
»
Le mamouth
23:48
Benghazi votes in local elections
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
23:32
Chelsea 1-1 Bayern Munich (aet, 4-3 pens)
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
23:32
Chelsea 1-1 Bayern Munich (aet, 4-3 pens)
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
23:17
Notes from Iceland
»
3quarksdaily
I am in Iceland for the first time in many years, for no better reason than that Icelandair offers extended stopovers on transatlantic flights at no additional cost. I cross the Atlantic as casually as one might take the subway from borough to borough, but now that I am here, again, in Reykjavik, it seems to me that, if we have to fly at all, stopovers in Iceland should not just be possible, but mandatory. They make it all make sense.
23:16
20 May, 2012 - Second to Last Lightroom 4 Tutorial Just Published
»
The Luminous Landscape - What's New
I thought I was a knowledgable pro. Hah!
23:12
CORR-Merkel n'a pas demandé à la Grèce un vote sur l'euro-Bild
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



23:00
Introducing PuppetDB: Put Your Data to Work
»
Linux Today
22:51
Thousands greet Olympic torch
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
22:28
Djokovic through to Nadal final
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
21:29
Mussolini’s diaries and the “treasure of Dongo”
»
3quarksdaily
Soon after Benito Mussolini and his long-time mistress Claretta Petacci were shot dead on April 28, 1945, questions began to be asked. They continue to this day. Who ordered the shooting? Claims and counter-claims echo across the years: the smart money is now on Luigi Longo, later leader of the Italian Communist Party, who never talked. Why were they shot? The guesses run the gamut from inter-partisan disputes to the bizarre claim that they were shot under orders – direct or indirect – of the British because they knew of a secret collection of wartime correspondence between Mussolini and Churchill whose existence could never be made public. Many Italians still believe in this carteggio, though the documents that are now in official custody in Rome are palpable forgeries. And what happened to the “treasure of Dongo” that Mussolini was supposedly carrying with him when he was captured on the west side of Lake Como? The locals seem to have made the most of the windfall: according to one report, “For days afterwards empty banknote wrappers skittered across the fields like dry leaves”. Stories of unrecovered treasure kept resurfacing for years, but when a couple of ammunition boxes dredged from the lake were opened in 1993 in the presence of the dictator’s granddaughter, Alessandra Mussolini, all they contained was ammunition.
21:24
Un projet d'attentat contre le QG de campagne d'Obama
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



21:24
Un projet d'attentat contre le QG de campagne d'Obama
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
21:18
Rencontre bilatérale impromptue entre Obama et Merkel
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



21:18
Rencontre bilatérale impromptue entre Obama et Merkel
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
21:13
How Neuroscientists and Magicians Are Conjuring Brain Insights
»
3quarksdaily
We were at the Neuromagic 2012 conference held May 7 to 10, 2012, on San Simón, also appropriately named the Island of Thought, on the north Atlantic coast near Vigo, Spain. Organized by Susana Martinez-Conde and Stephen Macknik of the Barrow Neurological Institute, the talks were intended to advance an intriguing area of brain study that encompasses attention and awareness, aspects of perception, and, ultimately, consciousness research. More about this research area is in their book,Sleights of Mind, which came out in 2010. (An excerpt, “Mind Over Magic?“, by Martinez-Conde and Macknik, who are advisors for Scientific American Mind, appeared in that magazine’s November/December 2010 issue. They also wrote “Magic and the Brain: How Magicians ‘Trick’ the Mind” for Scientific American.)
21:07
Un sommet Hollande-Merkel-Monti en juin
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



21:05
The Demonic Trilling
»
3quarksdaily
It is hard to recall now the enormous prestige of Lionel Trilling as a literary and social critic during the postwar years. The Liberal Imagination (1950), his first collection of essays, is said to have sold more than 70,000 hardback copies. For the first and last time, a literature professor enjoyed the public eminence normally reserved for an economist like John Kenneth Galbraith or a sociologist like David Riesman. Trilling was a quietly dominating figure, sensitive, sensible, and reassuring in his emergence from 1930s radicalism and his nuanced Freudianism. His essays served as a form of national therapy. Writing about Henry James’s The Princess Casamassima, for example, he guided readers away from the political certainties of the 1930s and toward the difficult complexities of “ambiguity and error” that they must learn to accept if they wanted to fulfill their generous liberal intentions.
21:01
X-JET
»
3quarksdaily
20:58
How Reliable Are the Social Sciences?
»
3quarksdaily
20:56
Plugin Directory Refreshed
»
WordPress Development Blog
20:53
Emploi : Arnaud Montebourg s'attend à une âpre « bataille »
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



20:37
Bombs kill soldiers in Mogadishu
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
20:30
The Somewhat Strange Saga of Twitter's New Tracking
»
Lauren Weinstein's Blog
20:02
VIDEO: Deadly bomb blast at Italy school
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
20:02
VIDEO: Deadly bomb blast at Italy school
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
20:00
Backhauling the Telefonica O2 London LTE Trial
»
3G and 4G Wireless Blog
Presentation:
Efficient mobile backhaul
View more PowerPoint from Cambridge Broadband Networks Limited
We have an event in October in Cambridge Wireless that will look at the backhaul and deployments a bit more in detail. Details here.
19:50
Un cortège de 20 000 manifestants anti-capitalistes défile à Francfort
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
19:50
Un cortège de 20 000 manifestants anti-capitalistes défile à Francfort
»
International - LeMonde.fr
19:36
VIDEO: Eurozone in spotlight at G8 talks
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
19:36
VIDEO: Eurozone in spotlight at G8 talks
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
19:34
"Je considère que le mandat qui m'a été confié par les Français a déjà été honoré"
»
International - LeMonde.fr
19:14
Le G8 s'engage pour la croissance
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



19:03
G8 : espoirs pour l'Iran mais différends sur la Syrie
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



19:03
G8 : espoirs pour l'Iran mais différends sur la Syrie
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
19:00
Tech Comics: The Freemium
»
Linux Today
18:52
G8 backs Greek euro membership
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
18:43
VIDEO: Military parade for Queen's Jubilee
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
18:40
Les réservations touristiques allemandes chutent en Grèce-presse
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
18:37
Pirates are champions once again
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
18:20
Twitter and #NASCAR
»
Cyborgology
altonncf
altonncf
@DA_Banks Long answer social media and twitter particularly functions as additional and more specialized commentary to games
2012/05/18 20:35:58 via web
altonncf
altonncf
@DA_Banks CBS did use FB to hose their streaming March Madness last year, but they charge for it now
2012/05/18 20:31:52 via web
altonncf
altonncf
@DA_Banks Baseball and basketball both have streaming services you have to pay for. Not sure if NBC's SNF cast has a facebook platform
2012/05/18 20:32:42 via web
altonncf
altonncf
@altonncf can I use this in a post?
2012/05/18 23:32:05 via Twitter for iPhone
db
DA_Banks
@DA_Banks Sure
2012/05/18 23:36:40 via web
altonncf
altonncf
18:16
Merkel n'a pas demandé à la Grèce un vote sur l'euro-témoin
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
18:09
Merkel n'a pas demandé à la Grèce un vote sur l'euro-témoin
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
18:04
Sondages contradictoires sur les intentions de vote en Grèce
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



17:34
French rally car crash kills two
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
17:14
The wedding blizzard
»
Memex 1.1

The wedding blizzard, originally uploaded by jjn1.
17:07
Quote of the day: Cogito Interruptus
»
Memex 1.1
16:31
Sharapova lines up final with Li
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
16:04
VIDEO: Flypast for Diamond Jubilee
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
16:04
VIDEO: Flypast for Diamond Jubilee
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
15:20
Weidmann (Bundesbank) appelle à fixer rapidement le cap de la Grèce
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



14:50
Le dissident chinois Chen Guangcheng en route pour les Etats-Unis
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



14:50
Le dissident chinois Chen Guangcheng en route pour les Etats-Unis
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
14:47
Déserteurs : la curieuse réponse du mindef
»
Le mamouth
14:35
Toulouse Hacker Space Factory 2012
»
DLFP - Dépêches de page principale
Une idée du programme
14:25
Syriza reprend le dessus dans les intentions de vote en Grèce
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
14:24
L'équipe élyséenne officiellement nommée
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



13:39
False passports, false hopes, and false flags
»
Bridges from Bamako
13:22
A portrait of the artist as a brooding young woman...
»
3quarksdaily
Gwendoline Riley was finishing her first novel at the age that most of us were sleeping in, bunking off, or congregating around a pint at the student union bar. Turning her university dissertation into her debut, Cold Water (2002) she signed a two-book deal at the age of 22. Since then, she has accumulated a hipster-ish following and several literary awards (Somerset Maugham Award, the Betty Trask Award, a John Llewellyn-Rhys Memorial prize shortlisted nomination). "So at 33, with her fourth novel, Opposed Positions (Jonathan Cape, £14.99) freshly under her belt, you'd imagine Riley would be living the garlanded life that a critically-acclaimed young novelist ought to be. Or at the very least, she should be settled into a comfortable existence, with heating and hot water and the odd shopping splurge.
13:09
Point of Return
»
3quarksdaily
13:06
Injured Yobo to miss crunch matches
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
12:54
Cannes 2012: Reporter's Diary
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
12:39
Somali expat 'thanked' for being rich
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
12:32
Saturday Poem
»
3quarksdaily
I am not jealous
of what came before me.
Come with a man
on your shoulders,
come with a hundred men in your hair,
come with a thousand men between your breasts and your feet,
come like a river
full of drowned men
which flows down to the wild sea,
to the eternal surf, to Time!
Bring them all
to where I am waiting for you;
we shall always be alone,
we shall always be you and I
alone on earth,
to start our life!
by Pablo Neruda
12:26
Hollande favorable à la recapitalisation des banques espagnoles
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



12:26
Hollande favorable à la recapitalisation des banques espagnoles
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
12:19
VIDEO: Couples in mass Nigeria wedding
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
12:03
Merkel souligne l'importance du marché européen pour l'Allemagne
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



11:52
Italie : une lycéenne tuée dans l'explosion d'une bombe
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



11:52
Explosion d'une bombe devant un lycée en Italie, une lycéenne tuée
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



11:52
Explosion d'une bombe devant un lycée en Italie, une lycéenne tuée
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



11:52
Italie : deux lycéennes tuées dans l'explosion d'une bombe
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



11:52
Italie : une lycéenne tuée dans l'explosion d'une bombe
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



11:45
Bring on Bayern, says Lampard
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
11:36
La crise économique met à l'épreuve la solidarité des Alliés de l'OTAN
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
11:36
La crise économique met à l'épreuve la solidarité des Alliés de l'OTAN
»
International - LeMonde.fr
11:26
Eurozone set to dominate G8 talks
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
11:26
Eurozone set to dominate G8 talks
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
11:26
G8 : Obama et Hollande défendent la croissance en Europe
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



11:26
G8 : Obama et Hollande défendent la croissance en Europe
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
10:46
Richard 'RichiH' Hartmann: Mongolia
»
blog
Ulan Bator
Little Dhingis Khan
10:23
Et M. Hollande rencontra M. Obama pour la première fois
»
International - LeMonde.fr
10:08
Vie privée : « class action » contre Facebook
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



9:48
19 May SWJ Roundup
»
SWJ Blog
9:48
Bomb explosion at Italy school
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
9:33
SPS and TTI Bundling Example
»
3G and 4G Wireless Blog
It should be noted that as per RRC Specs, SPS and TTI Bundling is mutually exclusive. The following from RRC specs:
TTI bundling can be enabled for FDD and for TDD only for configurations 0, 1 and 6. For TDD, E-UTRAN does not simultaneously enable TTI bundling and semi-persistent scheduling in this release of specification. Furthermore, E-UTRAN does not simultaneously configure TTI bundling and SCells with configured uplink.
9:28
L'Afghanistan à Chicago : sept points pour comprendre
»
Secret défense
"Il faut trouver la porte de sortie. Et vite." Voilà ce que j'écrivais, à l'automne 2008, en conclusion de mon livre "Mourir pour l'Afghanistan" (1). Rien de ce qui s'est passé dans ce pays depuis lors ne m'a fait changer d'avis, bien au contraire. A la veille du sommet de l'Otan à Chicago, qui sera en grande partie consacré à ce sujet et alors que l'élection de François Hollande accélère le calendrier de retrait français, tentons de faire le point.
1) Ensemble. La France est militairement présente en Afghanistan par pure solidarité avec les Américains. C'est parce que les Etats-Unis ont été attaqués le 11 septembre 2001 et que le gouvernement afghan de l'époque protégeait les auteurs des attentats que la France s'est jointe aux Etats-Unis. Elle l'a fait dans le cadre du droit international (résolution des Nations Unies) et de l'Alliance atlantique, avec la mise en oeuvre de l'article 5. Jusqu'en 2012, la position française a toujours été la même : "nous sommes arrivés ensemble, nous repartirons ensemble". Une position qui excluait toute démarche unilatérale de Paris vis-à-vis de Washington.
2) Rupture. Cette doctrine française a craqué en janvier 2012. Nicolas Sarkzoy est responsable de ce tournant. François Hollande s'est contenté de faire de la surenchère sur son rival... Un peu d'histoire est nécessaire : en juin 2011, Obama annonce le retrait américain pour la fin 2014. Dans les heures qui suivent, un communiqué de l'Elysée calque la position française sur celle des Etats-Unis. Mais le 20 janvier 2012, cinq militaires français sont assassinés par un soldat afghan sur la base de Gwan. Face à l'émotion de l'opinion publique et alors que la France entre en campagne électorale, Nicolas Sarkozy annonce, le 27 janvier, que le retrait français s'opérera avec un an d'avance sur le calendrier prévu; donc fin 2013.
Le 26 janvier, François Hollande présente ses "engagements". Le soixantième et dernier est consacré à la défense. On y lit ceci : "Il n'y aura plus de troupes françaises en Afghanistan à la fin de l'année 2012". Il y donc eu consensus entre les deux principaux candidats sur la nécessité de partir plus vite que les Américains, seul le rythme les oppose.
3) Signal. Le départ d'Afghanistan est une opération complexe, risquée et couteuse. Nous l'avons écrit à plusieurs reprises sur ce blog. Pour faire simple, il est matériellement impossible de quitter l'Afghanistan en six mois, c'est à dire à la fin 2012. Mais au delà de la manoeuvre logistique, les problèmes sont politiques, autant avec l'Afghanistan qu'avec nos alliés de l'Otan.
La France ne peut pas partir en claquant la porte. La France est liée, depuis janvier 2012, par un traité d'alliance avec l'Afghanistan. Il organise la coopération entre nos deux pays ; c'est le gage d'une présence française dans ce pays à l'avenir.
Même chose avec nos alliés, au premier chef (sic), les Américains. Ils ont compris que la seule justification du départ français était que le candidat Hollande l'avait promis pour se faire élire et qu'il tiendra ses promesses... au moins jusqu'aux législatives. Pas la peine de polémiquer avec lui. L'important sera dans les "détails" de l'application concrète de cette mesure. Reste qu'aux yeux des Européens, le départ français rompt la solidarité entre les pays alliés. Angela Merkel (et même le gouvernement socialiste belge) n'ont pas manqué de dire qu'eux resteraient jusqu'au bout... Ce n'est pas un bon signal, mais ce n'est pas gravissime.
4) Vocabulaire. Il y aura toujours des militaires français en Afghanistan en 2013... et sans doute après. Tout l'enjeu est de trouver la bonne formule, celle qui satisfera tout le monde : les Afghans, les militaires français, les Américains, la gauche française, etc. C'est avant tout une question de vocabulaire : à la Maison Blanche, François Hollande a évoqué le retrait des "troupes combattantes". Celles qui resteront seront-elles des "troupes non-combattantes"? La formule ne plait guère aux chefs militaires.
5) Route. Quelle était la principale mission confiée aux Français par les Américains dans la région Est ? Car ne l'oublions pas les troupes françaises y sont placées sous commandement américain. Une mission à la fois simple et difficile : tenir ouvert l'axe Vermont, c'est-à-dire permettre aux convois de circuler sur la route qui passe par la vallée de Kapissa, permettant de rejoindre la grande base de Bagram, sans passer par Kaboul. C'est un axe de contournement stratégique, au cas où les choses se passeraient mal dans la capitale... En gros : 50 kilomètres de route en zone insurgée.
Quand les Français quitteront la Kapisa, de deux choses l'une : soit l'Armée nationale afghane sera capable de tenir l'axe et, dans ce cas, la mission pourra être présentée comme un succès français. Soit elle n'en sera pas capable et les Américains devront s'en occuper. Et dans ce cas là, l'affaire sera présentée comme un fiasco français. Il est aujourd'hui trop tôt pour le savoir.
6) Afghantsy. Les militaires français aimeraient partir avec l'assurance que leur mission est un succès, ne serait-ce que parce que 83 des leurs sont morts là-bas. S'en aller, sous les yeux de leurs pairs étrangers - Américains en premier lieu - n'est pas très agréable. Toute une génération de jeunes cadres, qui seront l'armée de demain, s'est formée en Afghanistan. Ce sont nos "Afghantsy", comme disaient les Soviétiques. Le nouveau Chef des Armées a intérêt à trouver les mots et la manière de faire avec eux pour qu'ils n'aient pas l'impression d'être trahis par le pouvoir politique. On connait l'histoire récente de l'armée française : comme en géologie, certaines failles pourraient rejouer... Il faut y prendre garde et l'affaire se joue aujourd'hui en Kapisa.
7) Facture. L'autre mission des militaires français en Afghanistan est la formation des forces de sécurité (armée et police) capables de prendre la relève. Celle-ci devrait se poursuivre en 2013. Mais tout le monde pense déjà à l'après 2014, lorsque les Américains commenceront à partir. On estime aujourd'hui à quatre milliards de dollars par an le cout d'entretien des forces de sécurité afghane, coût qui pourrait être révisé à la baisse, si l'on réduit les effectifs (plus ou moins de 300.000). Qui paiera ? Le gouvernement afghan ne pourra pas en financer plus de 10 à 15%, les Etats-Unis devraient en prendre à la charge plus de la moitié. Le reste sera partagé entre les alliés. La contribution française pourrait s'élever à une centaine de millions de dollars par an. Le prix à payer de notre départ précipité ?
(1) Jean-Dominique Merchet, "Mourir pour l'Afghanistan". Editions Jacob-Duvernet, 2ème édition. 2010.
8:54
Berd: un Britannique crée la surprise en étant élu à la présidence
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



8:54
Berd: un Britannique crée la surprise en étant élu à la présidence
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
8:41
BOOK REVIEW: Stalin's Genocides
»
StrategyPage.com
8:38
Confiance : 54% pour Hollande, 60% pour Ayrault
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



8:26
Un année pour enlever l'épave du Costa Concordia
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



8:22
Législatives : 6.591 candidatures déposées
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



7:09
WARPLANES: A Paint Job For Every Occasion
»
StrategyPage.com
7:09
SURFACE FORCES
: Chinese Corvettes Settle Down In North Africa
»
StrategyPage.com
7:09
RUSSIA: New Commissars, Same As The Old Commissars
»
StrategyPage.com
7:08
WARPLANES: A Paint Job For Every Occasion
»
StrategyPage.com
7:08
SURFACE FORCES
: Chinese Corvettes Settle Down In North Africa
»
StrategyPage.com
7:07
PROCUREMENT: Israeli UAV Flies For Islam
»
StrategyPage.com
6:27
VIDEO: G8 leaders gather as Greek tragedy looms
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
6:09
First, the spread of ownership is becoming global,...
»
KK Lifestream
6:00
Buffer Sizing in Internet Routers
»
Dan Siemon
4:00
Announcing the low-power, light-weight sysmoBTS
»
Harald Welte's blog
2:41
VIDEO: Concordia salvage details revealed
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
2:01
US Navy – US Downs Test Missile With New Interceptor
»
Naval Intelligence | Naval News | Naval Education | War Studies | NOSI - Naval Open Source Intelligence
2:00
Developing country and emerging market vulnerability to the Eurozone crisis
»
VoxEU.org: Recent Articles
The Eurozone debt crisis has emerged as the single biggest threat to the global outlook. Applying event study methodology, this column estimates the responsiveness of equity and bond markets in developing countries and emerging markets to crisis news between 2005 and 2011. Whereas global crisis news had a consistently negative effect on equities and bonds, the Eurozone crisis looks thankfully more mixed and limited, so far.
Full Article: Developing country and emerging market vulnerability to the Eurozone crisis
2:00
Open-source messaging at (nearly) the speed of light
»
Linux Today
1:54
Mother Natures: On Elisabeth Badinter
»
3quarksdaily
Jennifer Szalai in The Nation:
1:42
South Africa targets rainbow tourists
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
1:37
Euro row brews on G8 summit's eve
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
1:28
Essentialism
»
3quarksdaily
A conversation with Bruce Hood in Edge:
1:26
How Economists have Misunderstood Inequality
»
3quarksdaily
Brad Plumer interviews James Galbraith, in the Washington Post:
1:24
What Makes Countries Rich or Poor?
»
3quarksdaily
Jared Diamond reviews Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson, in the NYRB:
1:16
Crime and punishment, Norwegian style
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
1:00
The challenge of Byzantine Fault Tolerance
»
Linux Today
0:50
Travel ban on Guinea-Bissau junta
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
0:41
Argentine gas exports cancelled
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
0:19
X.Org: "A Wasteland of Unreviewedness" (Phoronix)
»
LWN.net
0:15
Avoid Ratios For Metrics – Moving Beyond Conversion Rates, Part 1
»
UIE Brain Sparks
0:00
Who is the biggest control freak of them all?
»
Linux Today
23:54
Daily Life: May 2012
»
The Big Picture

Adam Ortiz, a fourth-grader at Fairview Elementary, stops traffic while classmates and parents cross Washington at North 11th Street in Klamath Falls, Ore. as part of Walk to School Days, something the school has participated in every Friday in May for three years, May 11. 2012. (Andrew Mariman/The Herald and News)
23:26
Friday Squid Blogging: Squid Scalp Massager
»
Schneier on Security
23:21
Solar robotic chicken tractor
»
Unterbahn

23:10
A scientific basis for Open Source Software
»
LWN.net
23:00
How to dual-boot Ubuntu 12.04 and Windows 7
»
Linux Today
22:57
Resilient is the new secure - the evolution of business-relevant thinking
»
Following the White Rabbit Blog
22:55
Five short links
»
PeteSearch
22:38
Obama et Hollande font front commun sur la crise grecque
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



22:36
Guinée-Bissau : le Conseil de sécurité sanctionne les auteurs du coup d'Etat
»
International - LeMonde.fr
22:30
Manifestation à Chicago avant le sommet de l'Otan
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



22:26
This Week at War: The Persian Gulf needs its own NATO
»
SWJ Blog
22:12
Pligg CMS 1.2.2 Release
»
Pligg Blog
22:00
How To Manage Your Servers With Rex - Best Practice
»
Linux Today
21:22
Afghanistan : du soutien après fin 2012
»
Le mamouth
21:04
VIDEO: Tension over Spanish bank debts
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
21:00
Berlin dément l'idée d'un référendum en Grèce sur l'euro
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



21:00
What's next after GPL and Apache?
»
Linux Today
20:48
→ Macworld’s review of the Accelsior PCIe SSD
»
Marco.org
20:47
PHOTO: Need a Lift?
»
StrategyPage.com
20:42
05/18/12 PHD comic: 'Wishful Thinking'
»
PHD Comics
Piled Higher
& Deeper by Jorge
Cham
www.phdcomics.com

title:
"Wishful Thinking" - originally published
5/18/2012
20:16
Security advisories for Friday
»
LWN.net
20:03
UE et BCE planchent sur une possible sortie de la Grèce
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
20:02
A Francfort, petites occupations avant la grande manifestation contre l'austérité
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
20:02
A Francfort, petites occupations avant la grande manifestation contre l'austérité
»
International - LeMonde.fr
20:00
Mandriva SA Cedes Control To Mandriva Community
»
Linux Today
19:53
Angela Merkel suggère un référendum sur l'euro en Grèce
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



19:53
Angela Merkel suggère un référendum sur l'euro en Grèce
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
19:51
UE et BCE étudieraient une possible sortie de la Grèce-presse
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
19:41
Merkel 'suggests Greek euro vote'
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
19:41
Merkel 'suggests Greek euro vote'
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
19:25
Sierra Leone league resumes
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
19:11
Fitch abaisse la note de cinq banques grecques
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



19:00
Linux Desktop Space is no Place to Concede
»
Linux Today
18:59
Fedora 17 release pushed back to May 29
»
LWN.net
18:56
A Point of View: The European Dream Has Become A Nightmare
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
18:54
Sortie de Maarch Entreprise 1.3
»
DLFP - Dépêches de page principale
Notification par courriel et flux RSS
Accès à l’application depuis smartphone et tablettes
Perfectionnement de la recherche sur les corbeilles
Choix du statut du document dès son versement
Diverses améliorations
+ 10.000 téléchargements dans 160 pays ! (statistiques sourceforge.net)
18:49
VIDEO: France confirms early Afghan exit
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
18:48
Réunion "test" du G8, sur fond de crise de la zone euro
»
International - LeMonde.fr
18:48
Réunion "test" du G8, sur fond de crise de la zone euro
»
International - LeMonde.fr
18:46
Francfort : la police arrête 400 manifestants anticapitalistes
»
International - LeMonde.fr
18:46
Francfort : la police arrête 400 manifestants anticapitalistes
»
International - LeMonde.fr
18:42
Fitch abaisse la note des banques grecques à "CCC"
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



18:40
Week in pictures: 12-18 May 2012
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
18:38
Quinze jours de violence ordinaire au Mexique
»
International - LeMonde.fr
18:38
Quinze jours de violence ordinaire au Mexique
»
International - LeMonde.fr
18:35
Sessegnon headlines Benin squad
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
18:32
Valérie est la "first girlfriend" de François
»
International - LeMonde.fr
18:29
Un tableau de Zuma inspiré de Lénine choque l'élite sud-africaine
»
International - LeMonde.fr
18:24
India charges prompt Italy row
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
18:18
A Nobelist's Novel Museum
»
3quarksdaily
This museum honors a work of fiction, its exhibits and artifacts reflecting events that never took place, except in the imagination of the Nobel Prize-winning Turkish author Orhan Pamuk. In perhaps his most ambitious creation, possibly the world's only museum of its kind, the writer has taken literature on a course that is remarkably novel.
18:15
Stuff The Internet Says On Scalability For May 18, 2012
»
High Scalability - Building bigger, faster, more reliable websites.

Don't miss all that the Internet has to say on Scalability, click below and become eventually consistent with all scalability knowledge...
18:15
Un gouvernement Ayrault mi-non, mi-oui
»
Coulisses de Bruxelles, UE
Alors que l’Europe va être au cœur de son quinquennat et contraindre la plupart de ses choix internes, François Hollande a envoyé des signaux contradictoires sur la politique qu’il entend mener. Si la désignation comme Premier ministre du germanophone et proeuropéen Jean-Marc Ayrault a été très bien accueilli par ses partenaires, notamment en Allemagne où l’on se désespère du peu de locuteurs germanophones dans l’élite française, les nominations de Laurent Fabius aux affaires étrangères et de Bernard Cazeneuve aux affaires européennes, deux socialistes qui ont mené la bataille du « non » lors du référendum de mai 2005 sur le traité constitutionnel européen, a jeté un vrai froid.
Hollande, dont l’engagement communautaire ne fait aucun doute, a veillé à s’entourer d’un cabinet à son image : Philippe Léglise-Costa (ENA et Polytechnique), ancien Représentant permanent adjoint auprès de l’Union à Bruxelles, a été nommé conseiller pour les affaires européennes. Contrairement à la configuration qui existait sous Jacques Chirac et Nicolas Sarkozy, il ne dépendra pas du conseiller diplomatique (un poste confié à Paul Jean-Ortiz, spécialiste de l’Asie), ce qui lui permettra de parler d’égal à égal avec Nikolaus Meyer-Landrut, le conseiller Europe d’Angela Merkel. Le poste de conseiller économique et de secrétaire général adjoint a été confié au jeune Emmanuel Macron (énarque, philosophe et banquier d’affaires), un autre Européen convaincu d’après ceux qui le connaissent. Ayrault a, lui, appelé à ses côtés (comme directeur de cabinet adjoint) Odile Renaud-Basso (ENA), jusque-là membre du cabinet d’Herman Van Rompuy, le président du conseil européen… Aucun souverainiste, donc, dans l’entourage des deux têtes de l’exécutif.
18:12
Religious and Sacred Imperatives in Human Conflict
»
3quarksdaily
18:05
VIDEO: Concern in Spain after credit downgrade
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
18:04
The Mathematician’s Obesity Fallacy
»
3quarksdaily
As I write, this interview with mathematician Carson C. Chow is the number-one most-emailed story on theNew York Times Web site. Chow, a researcher at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, had no experience in the health sciences before he came to study the problem of why so many Americans are overweight. “I didn’t even know what a calorie was,” he says.
18:00
David Graeber and David Harvey in Conversation
»
3quarksdaily
17:59
Energie : le déficit commercial atteint un nouveau record
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr
17:59
Energie : le déficit commercial atteint un nouveau record
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr
17:56
Italian fraudster's assets seized
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
17:48
Euro fears on the streets of Spain
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
17:44
Video from the #TtW12 Keynote
»
Cyborgology
17:37
SeaFrance : la décision sur la reprise des actifs repoussée au 29 mai
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



17:31
Pékin utilise des technologies occidentales pour moderniser son armée, selon le Pentagone
»
International - LeMonde.fr
17:00
Need a resume boost? Get involved with an open source project
»
Linux Today
16:42
Laurent Wauquiez renonce aux six mois de salaire des ex-ministres
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



16:33
Facebook : Mark Zuckerberg donne le coup d'envoi à la cotation
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



16:33
Facebook : débuts mitigés en Bourse
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



16:33
Facebook : débuts en dents de scie au Nasdaq
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



16:33
Facebook : débuts en dents de scie au Nasdaq
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



16:33
Facebook déclenche un enthousiasme mesuré en Bourse
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



16:25
AUDIO: Film tackles Mugabe's rise and fall
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
16:17
Create And Restore Partition Images With Partimage
»
HowtoForge - Linux Howtos and Tutorials - Howtos about Linux and Open Source
16:09
Mandriva Linux to "return to the community"
»
LWN.net
16:05
Five (Intuitive) Reasons To Bet on Facebook
»
Logic+Emotion
There's no shortage of commentary around Facebook as the smoke literally builds around it's engine while the social media rocket prepares for IPO liftoff. This piece won't be full of rational analysis but rather gut intuition. Here are a few things to chew on as you think about the global future with or without Facebook.
Zuckerberg Isn't Steve Jobs, But He's Jobs-Like
Mark Zuckerberg gets social like Steve Jobs got design. Furthermore, both share a core foundational value which is irrationally committed to making products and experiences which please their own sensibilities first and the market second. Does this guarantee Facebook's success? No, but it does guarantee that there will always be a vison and if you look up Facebook's corporate governance structure, you'll realize that it's a company being set up to be purpose and vision led. Bottom line, you're not betting on or against Facebook, but really Mark Zuckerberg.
Facebook Is Today's Telephone, E-mail & Internet For Many
Think about how you use Facebook, how your children use it (if you have them and they are old enough) and how your parents use it. It's already moving past "social network" status and moving toward something which looks more like a lifeline to the outside world. In conventional wars of the past, communication lines such as telephone would be cut so the enemy could not communicate. If conventional war broke out today—generals would plan to take the Internet out because of platforms like Facebook. Think about that.
Ecosystems Trump Products
Facebook was never a product from day one—it started as a social network and it's been steadily building up an ecosystem ever since. It's on our mobile devices, it connects with our Websites, it offers it's own line of credit, it has apps and developer communities built around it and it's spawned hundreds of start ups that employ thousands of people who would not be in their line of work if it were not for Facebook. The company has already gotten to this point with a significant advantage in that it looks more like an octopus than it does a shark gobbling up everything in it's path.
Big Business Is Built On Addictive Behaviors
Facebook is extremely addictive and one can find themselves spending a good chunk on their day there either working, playing or doing a combination of the two. Gambling became big business because of this. Drug trafficking, while illegal in most cases is big business and so are food industries built on menus with addictive items. As long as Facebook remains addictive to use, it will find a way to build business around it.
Global & Local Are The Future
While Facebook is still working on markets like Russia and China—there's no dispute that it's well into the process of being a global phenomenon and in addition, it can be especially relevant in local markets. Any local business which is self sustaining or part of a larger company can have a presence and run it with the local knowledge of their own markets. It is this combination which positions Facebook as something of a "virus" with the ability for it to "infect" markets through the people who use it.
Personally, I would not bet against Facebook. Even GM which announced this week that they were pulling out of Facebook advertising spending concedes that they are committed to other ways of integrating it (via content etc.). GM isn't betting against Facebook as much as deciding display ads weren't working for them. Of course, I could be wrong on all of the above—but intuitively my instincts are telling me, "don't bet against Mark Zuckerberg".
15:56
Scenes From Brazil
»
In Focus
Sugarloaf mountain and Guanabara Bay, at dawn in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on August 5, 2011. (AP Photo/Felipe Dana)

15:31
Des actionnaires assignent Vivendi et Messier
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



15:29
La droite reprend l'avantage en Grèce, l'UE toujours inquiète
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



15:13
Baritone Fischer-Dieskau dies
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
15:12
18 May, 2012 - Sony NEX-7 Redneck Edition
»
The Luminous Landscape - What's New
I thought I was a knowledgable pro. Hah!
15:10
La fièvre du samedi soir va s'emparer de 1.200 musées en France
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr
15:08
Malawi to overturn homosexual ban
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
15:03
Législatives : pas d'accord du Front de gauche avec le PS et EELV
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



15:01
Italie : le combat inachevé contre la Mafia
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
15:00
BMW envisage d'ouvrir de nouvelles usines à l'étranger
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



15:00
Lotus Symphony realigns with Apache OpenOffice
»
Linux Today
14:22
Italie : démantèlement d'un trafic d'objets archéologiques sur eBay
»
International - LeMonde.fr
14:21
US to announce Africa food plan
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
14:21
Manuel Valls au G6 demain
»
Le mamouth
14:08
Zambia clarifies Renard future
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
14:06
VIDEO: Niger faces malnutrition crisis
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
14:03
EU 'plans for Greek exit option'
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
14:00
Les articles les plus lus cette semaine [18 May 2012]
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



14:00
Linux Mint 13 Release Candidate is a Precise alternative
»
Linux Today
13:48
Des A-10 au-dessus du 92 samedi 26
»
Le mamouth
13:43
Angola court removes poll chief
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
13:24
Une quarantaine de manifestants anticapitalistes interpellés à Francfort
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
13:21
L'imprimeur de billets De La Rue prêt à la sortie de la Grèce
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
13:19
Portugal extradition bid dropped
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
13:11
L'imprimeur de billets De La Rue prêt à la sortie de la Grèce-source
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
13:08
Man jailed for spying in Russia
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
13:06
Kip Hawley Reviews Liars and Outliers
»
Schneier on Security
13:00
PostgreSQL Administration for MySQL Admins
»
Linux Today
12:54
L'austérité s'invite au sommet de l'Otan
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



12:54
L'austérité s'invite au sommet de l'Otan
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



12:54
Italy's white elephant projects
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
12:54
Sweden tipped for Euro success
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
12:54
UE et BCE planchent sur une possible sortie de la Grèce
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
12:30
Les politiques d'austérité sont des échecs
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
12:30
Les politiques d'austérité sont des échecs
»
International - LeMonde.fr
12:30
"Pour que les relations entre la France et l'Iran prennent un nouveau départ"
»
International - LeMonde.fr
12:29
Conseiller de paroisse homo contre prêtre hétéro : 1 à 0
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
12:29
Un socialiste français à Washington
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
12:28
The limits of science
»
3quarksdaily
Einstein averred that “the most incomprehensible thing about the universe is that it is comprehensible”. He was right to be astonished. It seems surprising that our minds, which evolved to cope with life on the African savannah and haven’t changed much in 10,000 years, can make sense of phenomena far from our everyday intuitions: the microworld of atoms and the vastness of the cosmos. But our comprehension could one day “hit the buffers”. A monkey is unaware that atoms exist. Likewise, our brainpower may not stretch to the deepest aspects of reality. The bedrock nature of space and time, and the structure of our entire universe, may remain “open frontiers” beyond human grasp. Indeed, our everyday world presents intellectual challenges just as daunting as those of the cosmos and the quantum, and that is where 99 per cent of scientists focus their efforts. Even the smallest insect, with its intricate structure, is far more complex than either an atom or a star.
12:20
Top Ten Mysteries of the Universe
»
3quarksdaily
No, this is not a rare digestive disorder. The bubbles are massive, mysterious structures that emanate from the Milky Ways center and extend roughly 20,000 light-years above and below the galactic plane. The strange phenomenon, first discovered in 2010, is made up of super-high-energy gamma-ray and X-ray emissions, invisible to the naked eye. Scientists have hypothesized that the gamma rays might be shock waves from stars being consumed by the massive black hole at the center of the galaxy.
12:11
UK call to aid Malawi's economy
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
12:09
Strategic Implications for the Army in the Post-2012 Election Environment
»
SWJ Blog
12:07
L'Europe travaille à un plan d'urgence de sortie de la Grèce
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



12:07
L'Europe travaille à un plan d'urgence de sortie de la Grèce
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
11:52
ANC to sue over painting of Zuma
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
11:49
Favoring Warlords: Afghan Local Police
»
SWJ Blog
11:40
La chaussure, pointure de l'industrie portugaise
»
International - LeMonde.fr
11:40
La chaussure, pointure de l'industrie portugaise
»
International - LeMonde.fr
11:37
Afghanistan : deux soldats de l'OTAN tués dans une attaque à la roquette
»
International - LeMonde.fr
11:37
Afghanistan : deux soldats de l'OTAN tués dans une attaque à la roquette
»
International - LeMonde.fr
11:35
L'ONU va enquêter sur l'utilisation de mercenaires durant le conflit libyen
»
International - LeMonde.fr
11:35
L'ONU va enquêter sur l'utilisation de mercenaires durant le conflit libyen
»
International - LeMonde.fr
11:35
Québecois, comment vivez-vous les manifestations étudiantes ?
»
International - LeMonde.fr
11:35
Québecois, comment vivez-vous les manifestations étudiantes ?
»
International - LeMonde.fr
11:34
AVANT-PAPIER-L'austérité s'invite au sommet de l'Otan
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
11:30
Revue de presse — mai 2012
»
DLFP - Dépêches de page principale
11:25
How do you host a military spectacular?
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
11:25
How do you host a military spectacular?
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
11:24
VIDEO: Africa Beats: Vieux Farka Toure
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
11:21
Au G8, M. Obama fait face aux "vents contraires" d'Europe
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
11:21
Au G8, M. Obama fait face aux "vents contraires" d'Europe
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
11:21
Au G8, M. Obama fait face aux "vents contraires" d'Europe
»
International - LeMonde.fr
11:21
Au G8, M. Obama fait face aux "vents contraires" d'Europe
»
International - LeMonde.fr
11:20
Le difficile retrait anticipé des troupes d'Afghanistan
»
International - LeMonde.fr
11:20
Le difficile retrait anticipé des troupes d'Afghanistan
»
International - LeMonde.fr
11:19
Grèce : un plan d'urgence prévu par les autorités européennes
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
11:19
Grèce : un plan d'urgence prévu par les autorités européennes
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
11:18
Avant le meurtre, Trayvon Martin et George Zimmerman se sont battus
»
International - LeMonde.fr
11:17
Le titre de Bankia bondit de 25% à la Bourse de Madrid
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



11:17
Le titre de Bankia bondit de 25% à la Bourse de Madrid
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



11:15
Syrie : mobilisation à Alep, bombardements continus à Homs
»
International - LeMonde.fr
11:15
Syrie : mobilisation à Alep, bombardements continus à Homs
»
International - LeMonde.fr
11:04
La crise de la dette européenne au coeur des discussions du G8
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



11:04
La crise de la dette européenne au coeur des discussions du G8
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



11:04
La crise de la dette européenne au coeur des discussions du G8
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
11:04
UE et BCE planchent sur une possible sortie de la Grèce
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
11:00
Le RAID et les JO
»
Le mamouth
11:00
Google to centralize Android development and sales
»
Linux Today
11:00
Toubab à Bamako ?
»
Toubabou à Bamako
Ben non, depuis six semaines que mon employeur a jugé bon de me faire rentrer du Mali vers la France " provisoirement", j'attends toujours que la situation soit jugée favorable pour refaire mes valises dans l'autre sens. Pour le moment, bernique. Je pourrais ne pas m'en plaindre et profiter du Finistère nord, de la côte et de l'iode, mais ce n'est pas facile de rester ainsi en France en ayant l'impression d'avoir fui même si ce n'est pas du tout un départ volontaire.
10:54
UE et BCE planchent sur une possible sortie de la Grèce-presse
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
10:51
Add humans to your data pipeline
»
PeteSearch
10:43
Les incidences d'un retrait anticipé des troupes françaises d'Afghanistan
»
International - LeMonde.fr

10:43
Les incidences d'un retrait anticipé des troupes françaises d'Afghanistan
»
International - LeMonde.fr

10:42
Les scénarios d'Eurosatory
»
Le mamouth
10:37
Répression contre des étudiants en Syrie
»
International - LeMonde.fr
10:37
Répression contre des étudiants en Syrie
»
International - LeMonde.fr
10:33
VIDEO: Building disasters blight Sicilian town
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
10:26
La réconciliation interpalestinienne en panne
»
International - LeMonde.fr
10:26
La réconciliation interpalestinienne en panne
»
International - LeMonde.fr
10:23
Wolfgang Schäuble prédit une à deux années difficiles pour la zone euro
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



10:23
Wolfgang Schäuble prédit une à deux années difficiles pour la zone euro
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



10:23
Wolfgang Schäuble prédit une à deux années difficiles pour la zone euro
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
10:11
Chelsea's old guard set for last stand
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
9:54
REST + RDF, finally a practical solution?
»
William Vambenepe's blog
9:52
Japon : le gouvernement appelle à une réduction de la consommation d'électricité
»
International - LeMonde.fr
9:44
Ayrault promet une « concertation » sur les rythmes scolaires
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



9:41
Croissance : Ayrault se donne jusqu'à fin juin pour un accord avec Berlin
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr
9:40
European shares knocked by Spain
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
9:32
En Afrique, diversité et alliance des mouvements islamistes armés
»
International - LeMonde.fr
9:04
Les Bourses européennes orientées à la baisse
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



9:04
Les Bourses européennes orientées à la baisse
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



8:52
Comment acheter des actions Facebook ?
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



8:29
La Chine se dit « très inquiète » pour l'Europe
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



8:22
Polls give few clues to Egypt vote
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
7:47
La Bourse de Tokyo perd 2,99 %, emportée par le stress européen
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



7:28
Les autorités du Québec veulent restreindre le droit de manifester
»
International - LeMonde.fr
7:15
A suivre aujourd'hui : G8, Nasdaq, législatives...
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



7:13
Obama's new friend
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
7:09
SUBMARINES: Women Join The Crews Of U.S. Boats
»
StrategyPage.com
7:09
MORALE: Chinese SAC Blends In
»
StrategyPage.com
7:09
SUPPORT: China Simulates As Well As Anyone
»
StrategyPage.com
7:09
YEMEN: Al Qaeda Penetrated And Pushed Around
»
StrategyPage.com
7:09
PROCUREMENT: Indian Choppers For Namibia
»
StrategyPage.com
7:09
POTENTIAL HOT SPOTS: Unrest In the Mali Islamic Republic
»
StrategyPage.com
7:08
YEMEN: Al Qaeda Penetrated And Pushed Around
»
StrategyPage.com
7:08
PROCUREMENT: Indian Choppers For Namibia
»
StrategyPage.com
7:07
SUBMARINES: Women Join The Crews Of U.S. Boats
»
StrategyPage.com
7:07
MORALE: Chinese SAC Blends In
»
StrategyPage.com
7:07
VIDEO: Malawi babies who are fighting to grow
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
7:06
Cette nuit en Asie : immobilier chinois, électricité, automobile, fusée...
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



7:06
Cette nuit en Asie : immobilier chinois, électricité, automobile, fusée...
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



7:06
SUPPORT: China Simulates As Well As Anyone
»
StrategyPage.com
7:01
Facebook change de statut
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



6:54
Jean-Claude Trichet a un plan pour sauver l'euro
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



6:50
The Power of Positive Lightning
»
Damn Interesting
A Schleicher ASK 21 glider is a craft of elegance and poise. Its slim wings, seductively curved cabin and tapering fuselage embody a balanced design that moulds modern materials into flowing aerodynamic lines. On the afternoon of 17 April 1999, one such beauty soared gracefully above countryside near Dunstable, England, with an instructor and a novice pilot on board. The student had been given the trial lesson as a 30th birthday present. Although large storm clouds loomed nearby, at 1608 hours conditions in the immediate vicinity were calm and the air was clear.
6:49
HP envisagerait de supprimer plus de 25.000 postes
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



6:40
Le FMI aussi se branche sur la croissance
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



6:05
Olympic flame to arrive for relay
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
6:00
Klout
»
xkcd.com
5:44
18 May SWJ Roundup
»
SWJ Blog
5:41
Visual Modeling: A Critical Skill for Business Analysts
»
Practical Analyst
5:40
Cameron to meet Hollande at G8
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
5:26
Queen's monarch lunch criticised
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
5:26
Queen's monarch lunch criticised
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
4:40
Mbeki to pressure Sudan on talks
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
4:00
OpenFlow Protocol 1.3.0 Approved
»
Linux Today
4:00
OsmoSDR boards available for interested developers
»
Harald Welte's blog
3:00
Object Inheritance in Nagios
»
Linux Today
3:00
Bercy les dossiers brûlants de Pierre Moscovici
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



3:00
Bercy les dossiers brûlants de Pierre Moscovici
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



2:09
Using Data to Save: One doctor’s effort to understand more...
»
THE GUN by C.J. Chivers

2:01
US Navy – Navy study: Sonar, blasts might hurt more sea life
»
Naval Intelligence | Naval News | Naval Education | War Studies | NOSI - Naval Open Source Intelligence
2:00
Divorce rates help explain why Americans work more than Europeans
»
VoxEU.org: Recent Articles
It is no secret that Americans work more than Europeans – 30% more according to recent studies. Many economists point to higher taxes in Europe as a major cause. This column suggests that divorce rates also play a role, particularly for women's labour supply.
Full Article: Divorce rates help explain why Americans work more than Europeans
2:00
Still standing: Global crisis and European firms
»
VoxEU.org: Recent Articles
One of the key problems in Europe is the lack of competitiveness. With this in mind, this column presents a report looking at how European firms responded to the global financial crisis of 2008 and 2009 and finds lessons for today’s troubles. Chief among them - there is no one-size-fits-all solution.
Full Article: Still standing: Global crisis and European firms
2:00
Will Google Android Forks Trigger Unix-like Fractures?
»
Linux Today
1:34
Analysis: Turkey's long wait to join EU club
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
1:01
The entrepreneurs aiming to rebuild Greece
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
1:00
Niger malnutrition crisis growing
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
1:00
Apache OpenOffice. Windows Users Dominate Downloads
»
Linux Today
1:00
Les nouveaux Indignés à la sauce italienne
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr
1:00
Bercy les dossiers brûlants de pierre Moscovici
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



1:00
Europe : le soutien à la croissance en débat chez les économistes américains
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



1:00
Menacée par la crise de la dette, l'Otan joue sa survie
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



1:00
Liban : de nouveaux heurts interconfessionnels
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



1:00
Japon : rebond du PIB au 1 er trimestre
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
1:00
Fraude fiscale : Bruxelles dénonce le blocage des Etats
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
1:00
La croissance américaine « peine à gagner de l'élan »
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



1:00
G8 : Hollande veut rassurer Obama sur la zone euro
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
1:00
Les nouveaux Indignés à la sauce italienne
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
1:00
Grèce : vent de panique sur le secteur bancaire victime de retraits massifs
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
1:00
Espagne : les régions se serrent la ceinture
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



1:00
Quand Angela Merkel s'augmente de 5,7 %
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
1:00
Les pays en développement peinent à taxer les multinationales
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
0:26
Will the IPO Change the Way Users See Facebook?
»
Cyborgology
0:04
Soon on the NYT: One colonel’s quest to determine how...
»
THE GUN by C.J. Chivers

0:00
Creating An NFS-Like Standalone Storage Server With GlusterFS 3.0.x On Debian Squeeze
»
Linux Today
23:30
VIDEO: Should Spain's Queen have axed UK trip?
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
23:13
Carlos Fuentes, 1928-2012
»
3quarksdaily
In the Economist:
23:08
Debating Greece
»
3quarksdaily
Several economist, including Paul Krugman and Mark Weisbrot, have been arguing for a Greek exit from the Eurozone. Here's Nouriel Roubini making the case in Project Syndicate:
23:00
Facebook Open Compute Products May Lure CIOs
»
Linux Today
22:53
Moody's abaisse les notes des banques espagnoles
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



22:30
Facebook vend ses actions à 38 dollars, le haut de la fourchette
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



22:00
GNOME Tweak Tool 3.4.0 Has Been Released
»
Linux Today
22:00
The problem with nerd politics (The Guardian)
»
LWN.net
22:00
The problem with nerd politics (The Guardian)
»
LWN.net
21:56
PHOTO: Machine Gun Competition
»
StrategyPage.com
21:47
Our Silent Partners: Private Security Contractors in Iraq
»
SWJ Blog
21:41
Les dirigeants européens préparent le G8 au rythme de la crise
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



21:41
Les dirigeants européens préparent le G8 au rythme de la crise
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



21:41
Les dirigeants européens préparent le G8 au rythme de la crise
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
21:40
French government takes pay cut
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
21:37
Obama nomme un ambassadeur en Birmanie
»
International - LeMonde.fr
21:37
Obama nomme un ambassadeur en Birmanie
»
International - LeMonde.fr
21:33
Grèce : vent de panique sur le secteur bancaire
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



21:33
Grèce : vent de panique sur le secteur bancaire
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



21:20
Fitch abaisse la note de la Grèce à CCC
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
21:20
Fitch abaisse la note de la Grèce à CCC
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
21:09
The game Stick Portal
»
Geeking with Greg
It's entirely written in Coffescript using HTML5 canvas. Just need a browser to play, works pretty well on mobile devices (add it to your home screen and it'll even go full screen and behave like a free app).
The idea is to create a simplified puzzle game with a level editor where kids could share levels they created. The current version has ten levels that are the tutorials to teach players how to play the game. I've just started on the level editor that will, eventually, allow people to create their own levels easily and share them with others.
The motivation for this came from seeing what Valve did with Portal 2. Portal 2 had a level editor called Hammer that was amazing but incredibly hard to use. Kids were using Hammer to create puzzles for each other that they could play in Portal 2 -- which is great exposure to CAD-like modeling tools and a nice spatial reasoning workout -- but it was really painful. Valve just launched a much easier-to-use editor for Portal 2 that is truly fantastic, highly recommend it.
Stick Portal is free to play, open source (MIT license), and the code is available on GitHub. The source might be useful to people working on similar games as it contains examples of ways to use the Box2Djs physics engine, handling touch and multi-touch (and accelerometer) on mobile devices, how to make your web page look like an app, plenty of examples of working with HTML5 Canvas, crazy things like a way to automatically resize the canvas when the browser window changes or a device rotates, and a lot of other goodies. Won't claim it's the most beautiful code ever, but it is well commented and was fun to write. I hope it is useful.
I plan to keep working on this and extend it to include an editor, but I've been sitting on this long enough so, in the spirit of launch early and often, I'm putting it out now. Please let me know what you think in the comments, and I'd love it if you'd drop me a note if your kids like the game or if the examples in the source turn out to be useful to you.
21:03
Royal critique Peillon sur la semaine de cinq jours dans le primaire
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



21:03
Royal critique Peillon sur la semaine de cinq jours dans le primaire
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



21:00
Open Source Startup Inktank Sets Gaze on Ubuntu Server
»
Linux Today
20:52
Fitch dégrade la Grèce dans une perspective de sortie de l'euro
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



20:52
Fitch dégrade la Grèce dans une perspective de sortie de l'euro
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



20:52
Fitch dégrade la Grèce dans une perspective de sortie de l'euro
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
20:49
Espagne : Moody's abaisse la note de 16 banques
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International - LeMonde.fr
20:35
Fitch abaisse la note de la Grèce, évoque sa sortie de l'euro
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Les Echos - actualité internationale



20:29
Le FMI salue les efforts de l'Angola pour stabiliser son économie
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Les Echos - actualité internationale
20:26
Security advisories for Thursday
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LWN.net
20:00
BitTorrent not always piracy, says Wil Wheaton
»
Linux Today
19:57
70 millions de dollars américains pour le "Dôme de fer" israélien
»
International - LeMonde.fr
19:33
Security vulnerability in sudo's netmask function patched (The H)
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LWN.net
19:28
Cybersecurity at the Doctor's Office
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Schneier on Security
19:25
Pour Copé, la baisse du salaire des ministres est « une imposture »
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



19:24
Martinez on Liverpool shortlist
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19:22
ANALYSE-Les retraits des banques ne touchent pas que la Grèce
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Les Echos - actualité internationale
19:10
African troops in Guinea-Bissau
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BBC News | Africa | World Edition
19:00
How to Sync Files to Amazon S3 on Linux
»
Linux Today
18:58
La charte de déontologie signée par le gouvernement
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



18:56
Goalshy Bafana turn to Nomvethe
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18:55
Le FMI met en garde le Bélarus contre une nouvelle spirale inflationniste
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Les Echos - actualité internationale



18:41
Ever wonder how some photos get made? Did he levitate above a...
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THE GUN by C.J. Chivers


18:30
SA 'fails pupils on textbooks'
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BBC News | Africa | World Edition
18:30
Grèce-Le FMI attendra les élections pour poursuivre son évaluation
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Les Echos - actualité internationale
18:22
Le titre Crédit Agricole touche un « plus bas » historique
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



18:00
Oracle v. Google - Patent Infringement Instructions, Damage Phase Witnesses, and the Continuing Saga of Infringer's Profits
»
Linux Today
17:56
Fighting at gay march in Tbilisi
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BBC News | Europe | World Edition
17:53
Berlin airport hit by fresh blow
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
17:31
La Cédéao déploiera des troupes en Guinée-Bissau et met en garde le Mali
»
International - LeMonde.fr
17:25
Algérie : après sa victoire aux élections, le FLN ironise sur les islamistes
»
International - LeMonde.fr
17:19
Les priorités des nouveaux ministres
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



17:19
Priorités et feuilles de route des nouveaux ministres
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



17:18
Le FMI suspend ses contacts avec la Grèce jusqu'aux élections
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



17:18
Le FMI suspend ses contacts avec la Grèce jusqu'aux élections
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
17:00
VLC player rocks- Jean Kempf talks about it!
»
Linux Today
16:58
A scientific basis for Open Source Software
»
Lin.ear th.inking
An interesting example they mention is the infamous HadCRUT and CRUTEM3 meteorological datasets. One of the (few) salient criticisms levelled at this information during Climategate was the inability to reproduce the results by re-running the software. (Mind you, the software was probably a pile of crufty old Fortran programs mashed up by Perl scripts, so maybe it's just as well).
I'm looking forward to seeing JTS get cited in academic papers (actually, it already has been). Maybe I even have a finite Erdos number!
It's maybe too much to ask that mere scientists be coding hipsters, but I noticed that SourceForge is presented as the leading example of collaborative software development. Someone should introduce them to GitHub - which truly walks the talk. Researchers in bioinformatics should be especially appreciative of the sweeping effect of recombinant software development it enables.
16:53
Water Tanks, NoMad, 5:00PM
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Future Changes: Grow Your Wiki
16:42
Baisse des salaires et charte au menu du premier Conseil des ministres
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



16:21
Obama at Barnard: "You Can Be Stylish and Powerful Too"
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3quarksdaily
THE PRESIDENT: I will begin by telling a hard truth: I’m a Columbia college graduate. (Laughter and applause.) I know there can be a little bit of a sibling rivalry here. (Laughter.) But I’m honored nevertheless to be your commencement speaker today -- although I’ve got to say, you set a pretty high bar given the past three years. (Applause.) Hillary Clinton -- (applause) -- Meryl Streep -- (applause) -- Sheryl Sandberg -- these are not easy acts to follow. (Applause.)
16:19
Le nouveau cabinet Défense
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Le mamouth
16:14
The Evolution of Virtue, Altruism, and Shame
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3quarksdaily
The stories we’ve been told about the role of competition in our evolution have been unnaturally selective. Sound-bite pop science, of the “red in tooth and claw” and “selfish gene” variety, has left out much that is essential to human nature. Anthropologist Christopher Boehm aims to resurrect some of those missing elements in Moral Origins. In his view, cooperation, along with the traits and rules needed to make it work, was as essential to our survival as large brains.
16:02
Mladic trial hit by legal hitch
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BBC News | Europe | World Edition
16:00
Mandriva Community Planning Next Release
»
Linux Today
15:56
Nigeria axe Premier League stars
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BBC News | Africa | World Edition
15:48
Au travail
»
Le mamouth
15:47
Epic Tea Time with Alan Rickman
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3quarksdaily
15:40
Walker's Filibuster
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3quarksdaily
When we think of the term "filibuster," the definition that springs to mind is the political one, a legislative tactic sometimes used in the United States Senate, the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and in many other Westminster-style legislatures. But it has a second, deprecated meaning, one related to military actions. In that sense, Wikipedia defines a filibuster as a person "who engages in a unauthorized military expedition into a foreign country to forment or support a revolution." The classic example of a filibuster? Meet William Walker, pictured above.
Walker was born in Nashville, Tennessee in 1827. A savant of sorts, he graduated from college by age fourteen and went to Europe to study medicine. By his early twenties, Walker had a medical degree and was licensed to practice law in the States. But he wanted more. He wanted to be a king. So he did what anyone would do: he hired himself an army.
Walker's dream was to create a slave ownership-friendly republic which, much like the Republic of Texas before it, would find itself invited to join the U.S. as a full state. At first, he attempted to take control of parts of Baja California in Mexico, and while he was briefly successful, the Mexican government managed to force him out. He returned to California, where he was put on trial for violating the Neutrality Act of 1794, but at the time, western Americans believed strongly in the notion of Manifest Destiny, and Walker was acquitted. He used his retained freedom to take another stab at his dream.
As President of Nicaragua, Walker put his plan into action. He legalized slavery and made English the official language of the nation. He actively solicited Americans to immigrate to Nicaragua, positioning it as a staunch defender of slave ownership during a period when America was deeply divided on the issue. He even rebased the Nicaraguan currency to be indexed to the American dollar. But while this attracted a number of American southerners -- and entrenched Walker as the leader of his new new Nicaraguan empire -- he provoked fear and anger among Nicaragua's Central American neighbors. Thousands of troops, mostly from Honduras, overtook Walker and, upon his surrender, forcibly returned him to the United States in May of 1857.
Walker did not give up -- but he probably should have. He returned to the region a few years later, and, quickly found himself unwelcome. He was turned over to the Honduran authorities who were, this time, not so willing to give him yet another chance to attempt a coup. On September 12, 1860, Walker was brought to the firing squad and executed.
Bonus fact: The term "filibuster" comes from the Spanish term "filibustero," meaning "pirate." In the legislative sense, the speaker is acting as a pirate, hijacking the legislative process; in Walker's case, the etymology is probably closer to apt.
15:38
La Turquie accuse Israël d'avoir violé l'espace aérien de Chypre Nord
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International - LeMonde.fr
15:33
Le chef de l'opposition syrienne prêt à laisser sa place
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International - LeMonde.fr
15:30
Mexico's Drug War: 50,000 Dead in 6 Years
»
In Focus
A masked Mexican soldier patrols the streets of Veracruz, on October 10, 2011. Soldiers of the Army, Navy and members of Federal Police patrol the streets of the city as part of "Veracruz Safe Operation" after a rising tide of violence plaguing this tourist city. (Yuri Cortez/AFP/Getty Images)

15:15
L'Italie renforce la sécurité de plus de 14 000 sites et 550 personnes
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Europe - LeMonde.fr
15:15
L'Italie renforce la sécurité de plus de 14 000 sites et 550 personnes
»
International - LeMonde.fr
15:04
Rakuten à la tête du tour de table pour Pinterest
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



15:00
4 Reasons Why You Shouldn’t Encrypt Your Linux Partitions
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Linux Today
14:51
Chechnya, Inside, Up Close.
A photo essay about the lives of...
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THE GUN by C.J. Chivers


14:49
Israel 'violates' Turkey airspace
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
14:46
3i Group nomme un nouveau directeur général
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



14:39
Logement : Cécile Duflot veut encadrer les loyers
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



14:34
'Robbers' killed in Nigeria blast
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BBC News | Africa | World Edition
14:20
Rules for Radicals
»
Schneier on Security
14:19
German immigration levels leap
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BBC News | Europe | World Edition
14:19
German immigration levels leap
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
14:04
Limbless man hits swim landmark
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
14:00
Pixar's Toy Story 2 was Nearly Lost because of a Linux Command
»
Linux Today
13:52
Jewish ire at Lithuania reburial
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
13:46
EU seeks fresh start with Turkey
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
13:31
TPIY : le procès de Ratko Mladic ajourné sine die
»
International - LeMonde.fr
13:31
TPIY : le procès de Ratko Mladic ajourné sine die
»
International - LeMonde.fr
13:21
Cameroon federation ditch Milla
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BBC News | Africa | World Edition
13:16
Privacy watchdog to meet Google
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
13:15
Bankia shares continue to slide
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
13:13
L'élite israélienne divisée sur le scénario d'une guerre contre l'Iran
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International - LeMonde.fr
13:10
Jean-Claude Mallet sera "conseiller spécial" du ministre de la Défense
»
Secret défense
Jean-Claude Mallet rejoint le cabinet du nouveau ministre de la Défense avec le titre de "conseiller spécial". C'est un renfort de poids pour Jean-Yves Le Drian. Jean-Claude Mallet est une personnalité très connue et très respectée dans les milieux de la défense, à la fois pour son expertise et pour son sens du service de l'Etat.
Conseiller d'Etat, de sensibilité de gauche, travailleur infatigable, Jean-Claude Mallet s'était vu confier par Nicolas Sarkozy, le soin de piloter la rédaction du dernier Livre blanc de la Défense (2008). Ancien du cabinet de Pierre Joxe, il a également été directeur des affaires stratégiques (DAS) puis secrétaire général de la défense nationale (SGDN), où il contribua à la mise à jour des plans antiterroristes. Agé de 57 ans, Jean-Claude Mallet est issu de la haute société protestante. Son père et son oncle étaient compagnons de la Libération.
Le directeur du cabinet est Cédric Lewandowski, un ancien du cabinet d'Alain Richard, passé ensuite par EDF. Le directeur adjoint sera Jean-Michel Palagos, un contrôleur général des armées très au fait des questions sociales, ancien DRH du ministère de la Défense. Parmi les autres nominations : Jean-Christophe Le Minh (chef du cabinet civil), Nicolas Roche (conseiller diplomatique), Sébastien Dessillons (conseiller industriel), Julia Maris (conseiller Europe) ou Sacha Mandel (communication), qui arrive d'EuroRSCG.
13:09
Le Portugal soumis à un nouvel examen de ses créanciers à partir de mardi
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Les Echos - actualité internationale



13:00
The V3 Hot Seat: Linux Foundation executive director Jim Zemlin
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Linux Today
12:39
Man jumps in chute to escape girl
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
12:35
Bankia s'écroule en Bourse, retraits massifs aux guichets
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



12:35
Victime d'une fuite des dépôts, Bankia plonge en Bourse
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



12:35
Victime d'une fuite des dépôts, Bankia plonge en Bourse
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



12:35
Des rumeurs démenties de fuite des dépôts font plonger le cours de Bankia
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



12:31
Thursday Poem
»
3quarksdaily
Your two great eyes will slay me suddenly;
Their beauty shakes me who was once serene;
Straight through my heart the wound is quick and keen.
Only your word will heal the injury
To my hurt heart, while yet the wound is clean -
Your two great eyes will slay me suddenly;
Their beauty shakes me who was once serene.
Upon my word, I tell you faithfully
Through life and after death you are my queen;
For with my death the whole truth shall be seen.
Your two great eyes will slay me suddenly;
Their beauty shakes me who was once serene;
Straight through my heart the wound is quick and keen.
.
12:13
When I Die: Lessons from the Death Zone
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3quarksdaily
In January 2008 the political strategist Philip Gould was diagnosed with gastro-oesophageal cancer and given a 50/50 chance of recovery. “I made an immediate decision to be as open and honest as I possibly could about what had happened, reaching out to people rather than trying to do it alone,” he writes in his posthumously published memoir of his illness. Having broken the news to his wife, the publisher Gail Rebuck, and his daughters, Georgia and Grace, Gould began telling friends. Alastair Campbell was “totally solid and absolutely loyal”; Peter Mandelson was “typically stringent”. Tony Blair visited, “and so began an entirely new phase in our relationship”. From the moment of his diagnosis, Gould addressed his condition in political terms: “Everything I thought about the battle with cancer was strategic, as if I were fighting an election campaign. I saw the elimination of the cancer as victory and the test results as opinion polls.” As part of his strategy, he researched the best places for treatment, but could find no consensus. Eventually, the choice came down to radical surgery on the NHS, or a less invasive operation at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering hospital in New York City. He chose Sloan-Kettering – a decision he would come to regret. Back in London he returned to the NHS for chemotherapy, and initially appeared to make a good recovery. But his wife felt uneasy. She wrote a note imploring him to slow down: “Politics… is such a destructive force. It nearly killed you once, please don’t let it kill you again.” At his next scan, the doctors looked grim. The cancer had recurred; the prognosis was poor.
12:04
Rwanda's Mafisango in fatal crash
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BBC News | Africa | World Edition
12:02
Replication studies: Bad copy
»
3quarksdaily
For many psychologists, the clearest sign that their field was in trouble came, ironically, from a study about premonition. Daryl Bem, a social psychologist at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, showed student volunteers 48 words and then abruptly asked them to write down as many as they could remember. Next came a practice session: students were given a random subset of the test words and were asked to type them out. Bem found that some students were more likely to remember words in the test if they had later practised them. Effect preceded cause. Bem published his findings in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JPSP) along with eight other experiments1 providing evidence for what he refers to as “psi”, or psychic effects. There is, needless to say, no shortage of scientists sceptical about his claims. Three research teams independently tried to replicate the effect Bem had reported and, when they could not, they faced serious obstacles to publishing their results. The episode served as a wake-up call. “The realization that some proportion of the findings in the literature simply might not replicate was brought home by the fact that there are more and more of these counterintuitive findings in the literature,” says Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, a mathematical psychologist from the University of Amsterdam.
11:56
Les Grecs multiplient les retraits au guichet des banques
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



11:56
Les Grecs multiplient les retraits au guichet des banques
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
11:50
Death penalty for Somaliland raid
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
11:44
Reconsidering the Operational Approach to Phase IV Stability Operations, Part II
»
SWJ Blog
11:43
Aux Etats-Unis, les naissances de bébés blancs sont minoritaires
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International - LeMonde.fr
11:43
Montebourg vise « la reconquête » des emplois industriels
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



11:23
Greece names caretaker cabinet
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BBC News | Europe | World Edition
11:22
Laurent Fabius veut une « Europe différente »
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



11:19
Croissance, zone euro, Grèce : tout reste à faire entre Paris et Berlin
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Les Echos - actualité internationale
11:10
Stars shine on Cannes red carpet
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BBC News | Europe | World Edition
11:09
France questions EU fiscal pact
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
10:56
HSBC annonce 2 milliards de dollars d'économie
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



10:49
Afghanistan : sept morts dans l'attaque d'un gouvernement local
»
International - LeMonde.fr
10:08
17 May SWJ Roundup
»
SWJ Blog
10:07
Moody's dégrade l'italien Enel et sa filiale Endesa
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



9:59
Tidal power gets a stormy birth
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
9:49
How Chelsea can win Champions League final
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
9:46
Vauxhall car plant 'saved by GM'
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
9:43
Darty France : la chute des ventes s'accélère
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



9:43
Olympic flame to be handed over
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
9:27
Cannes jury denies 'sexism' claim
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
9:20
Mali coup: Tuaregs tell of ethnic attacks
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
9:18
BOOK REVIEW: Confederate Reckoning: Power and Politics in the Civil War South
»
StrategyPage.com
9:13
VIDEO: Spain's Queen cancels Jubilee visit
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
8:59
VIDEO: Soyuz spaceship docks at ISS
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
8:57
Martine Aubry veut « préparer la suite »
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



8:30
Un gouvernement provisoire de techniciens pour la Grèce
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



8:30
Un gouvernement provisoire de techniciens pour la Grèce
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
8:15
Federer and Nadal through in Rome
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
7:48
Coty pourrait entrer en Bourse avant la fin de l'année
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr
7:47
VIDEO: Greeks withdraw millions from banks
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
7:46
MURPHY'S LAW: Predicting Warfare In the 2040s
»
StrategyPage.com
7:46
LEADERSHIP: South Africa Becomes A Weakling
»
StrategyPage.com
7:46
SYRIA: The Ally You Cannot Afford
»
StrategyPage.com
7:46
NAVAL AIR: With A Little Help From Your Friends
»
StrategyPage.com
7:46
MORALE: Cursed F-22s Suffer A Mysterious Cough
»
StrategyPage.com
7:46
INTELLIGENCE: Ballooning Surveillance
»
StrategyPage.com
7:46
SYRIA: The Ally You Cannot Afford
»
StrategyPage.com
7:45
NIGERIA: The Circle Of Misery And Death
»
StrategyPage.com
7:44
LEADERSHIP: South Africa Becomes A Weakling
»
StrategyPage.com
7:44
MURPHY'S LAW: Predicting Warfare In the 2040s
»
StrategyPage.com
7:43
Manifestation estudiantine au Québec après l'annonce d'une loi spéciale
»
International - LeMonde.fr
7:43
NAVAL AIR: With A Little Help From Your Friends
»
StrategyPage.com
7:43
INTELLIGENCE: Ballooning Surveillance
»
StrategyPage.com
7:42
MORALE: Cursed F-22s Suffer A Mysterious Cough
»
StrategyPage.com
7:41
Facebook va fêter l'entrée en Bourse avec un marathon informatique
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



7:23
Cette nuit en Asie : croissance au Japon, industrie, nucléaire, Chen Guangcheng...
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Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



7:23
Cette nuit en Asie : croissance au Japon, industrie, nucléaire, Chen Guangcheng...
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
7:18
Deraa, Idleb et Homs sous le feu, Assad se targue du soutien des Syriens
»
International - LeMonde.fr
6:55
Chen Guangcheng pourrait recevoir un passeport dans les 15 jours
»
International - LeMonde.fr
6:39
Spain set to pay more on bonds
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
5:11
Congo warlord's 'days numbered'
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
4:59
Mladic trial focus on Srebrenica
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
3:54
VIDEO: Adrenaline sports on dangerous volcano
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
3:00
Say Goodbye to Linux on the Desktop
»
Linux Today
2:41
[$] LWN.net Weekly Edition for May 17, 2012
»
LWN.net
2:36
The euro’s survival 'requires political union'
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
2:36
VIDEO: ECB's 1-trillion-euro bank rescue
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
2:01
US Navy – Defense leaders push US to sign sea treaty
»
Naval Intelligence | Naval News | Naval Education | War Studies | NOSI - Naval Open Source Intelligence
2:00
Fiscal spending and growth: New evidence
»
VoxEU.org: Recent Articles
It is not just the OECD countries where fiscal policy is the subject of fierce debate. This column presents results from an “event analysis” carried out on a database of 140 countries over the period 1972-2005. It suggests that, for developing countries at least, a fiscal stimulus can be effective – provided the rest of the economy is stable and the fiscal deficit is low.
Full Article: Fiscal spending and growth: New evidence
2:00
Germany should follow in the footsteps of China
»
VoxEU.org: Recent Articles
Germany’s fiscal response to the crisis was timid compared with those of China and the US. This column uses business-cycle connectedness indices to show that Germany should follow in the footsteps of China and increase its domestic spending so that it will generate net positive connectedness to others. Germany was able to increase its exports thanks to the fact that countries like the US, China and Japan stimulated domestic spending significantly.
Full Article: Germany should follow in the footsteps of China
2:00
Hume on hold? Consequences of not abolishing EZ national central banks
»
VoxEU.org: Recent Articles
The ongoing EZ crisis reveals critical flaws in the Eurozone’s design. This column argues that failing to abolish national central banks left the door open for national interests to interfere with the natural workings of the financial system and Hume’s adjustment mechanism. This flaw, and the omission of a European Banking Authority with real teeth, will come back to haunt Europe in the months and years to come.
Full Article: Hume on hold? Consequences of not abolishing EZ national central banks
2:00
Hume on hold? Consequences of not abolishing Eurozone national central banks
»
VoxEU.org: Recent Articles
The EZ crisis reveals critical flaws in the Eurozone’s design. This column argues that failing to abolish national central banks left the door open for national interests to interfere with the natural workings of the financial system and Hume’s adjustment mechanism. This flaw – and the omission of a European Banking Authority with real teeth – will come back to haunt Europe in the months and years to come.
Full Article: Hume on hold? Consequences of not abolishing Eurozone national central banks
2:00
Linux at 21: A new Linux Foundation t-shirt contest
»
Linux Today
1:47
The problem with the political class
»
Bridges from Bamako
1:28
From idea to a product
»
Web 2.5
Luckily enough, all the stanford classes of the past year introduced us to the techniques that we ended up using… machine learning and nlp most of all.
Our original idea was to be able to estimate how much a company is making in terms of revenue, estimating it with an acceptable margin of error, starting from data available publicly. There is a lot of data available publicly, some from Companies house, some from other financial institutes, some from the social sphere, some from search engines. Some information is also given away by the companies themselves on their site (e.g. testimonials, press releases, etc…). Some other from press releases of investors such as VCs. If you dig deep enough you will see there is a LOT of data, but the problem is that there is always noise, would this noise have compromised our efforts?
Once you know these techniques, actually what we do is pretty simple, take known connections between data and revenue, train the system and use it to predict revenue when we do not have it. In the real-world though, there is a lot of work to do on data.. smoothing, make sure it is time-overlapping, make sure features you chose represent well the reality, etc.
- Team is the most important thing. Much better if you have the same level of experience but specialize in different things.
- Use what you already know, learn quickly what you don’t.
- Identify a market and clients before starting. Call them and sell them the product, before, during and after you build it.
- You have to tackle issues, not wait for somebody else.
- Write down the rules of the game before joining.
1:26
Swiss Army knife adapts to remain a cutting-edge tool
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
1:18
From Critique, A Language Emerges
»
UIE Brain Sparks
1:00
Protect Sensitive Data on Android with Secret Space Encryptor
»
Linux Today
0:58
Brooklyn Babylon: A Darcy James Argue's Secret Society Project over at Kickstarter
»
3quarksdaily
0:47
PHOTO: Riverine Exercise
»
StrategyPage.com
0:36
VIDEO: UN warns of South Sudan food shortage
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
0:30
MECCANO RIP-OFF: CLOUDY CLAWS
»
PhotoshopDisasters
The way the GA has butchered this child’s appendages, it appears as if he could not produce enough torque to tighten even a single nut or machine screw on that truck he’s cradling, causing us to suggest his next project ought to be an exo-skeleton to help him lift spoonfuls of Kapitan Krunch up to his mouth.
Thanks Bob. The original came from the corner of a box of cheap generic clone of Meccano from Chin.
0:00
Android boosts open source development for mobile
»
Linux Today
23:43
A Mathematical Challenge to Obesity
»
3quarksdaily
In 2004, while on the faculty of the math department at the University of Pittsburgh, I married. My wife is a Johns Hopkins ophthalmologist, and she would not move. So I began looking for work in the Beltway area. Through the grapevine, I heard that the N.I.D.D.K., a branch of the National Institutes of Health, was building up its mathematics laboratory to study obesity. At the time, I knew almost nothing of obesity.
23:41
La Grèce doit s'en tenir aux termes de son plan de sauvetage-Lagarde
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
23:31
France's new Socialist cabinet named
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
23:28
The tragic farce of voting in Iran
»
3quarksdaily
On February 29th, two days before parliamentary elections in Iran, I joined a few dozen foreign correspondents—along with official handlers—in the parking lot of the Laleh, a formerly five-star Tehran hotel with tatty rooms, an ornate lobby, and a surfeit of eyes. We had come to Iran to cover the election, but we were told upon arrival that there would be a compulsory program. Its first order of business was a bus trip to the Alborz Space Center, where we would learn about Iran’s new remote-controlled satellite.
23:21
VIDEO: Icelandic artist celebrates Jubilee
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
23:17
Spanish queen cancels UK visit
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
23:04
SCADA Security - The danger of consequences and difficulty with incentives
»
Following the White Rabbit Blog
23:00
FuseSource Launches New Open Source Integration and Messaging Platforms
»
Linux Today
22:37
Une sortie de la Grèce de l'euro affecterait l'Espagne, l'Italie-BM
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
22:34
Les policiers sikhs désormais autorisés à porter le turban à Washington
»
International - LeMonde.fr
22:32
Une baisse de salaire en vue... et peut-être plus
»
Le mamouth
22:15
http://betaknowledge.tumblr.com/ as a compilation of weak signals about the future
»
Pasta&Vinegar
22:12
UIEtips: Designing with Scenarios – Putting Personas to Work
»
UIE Brain Sparks
22:00
Un binôme qui ne manquera pas de travail
»
Le mamouth
21:45
La Fed s'alarme du budget des Etats-Unis et de la crise de l'euro
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



21:45
La Fed s'alarme du budget des Etats-Unis et de la crise de l'euro
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
21:24
Les restaurateurs regrettent que le tourisme n'ait pas un ministère dédié
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
21:00
Ubuntu Zombies
»
Linux Today
20:54
Google passe son moteur de recherche en mode intuitif
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



20:50
USB Drives and Wax Seals
»
Schneier on Security
20:48
Cécile Duflot hérite du Logement et de l'Egalité des territoires
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



20:46
Grèce: gel des procédures de privatisations dans l'attente des élections
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
20:36
Christiane Taubira, une représentante de l'Outre-mer à la Justice
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



20:27
VIDEO: War photographer remembered at auction
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
20:23
La liste des membres du premier gouvernement Ayrault
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



20:23
Liste et portraits des membres du premier gouvernement Ayrault
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



20:21
La BCE cesse ses opérations avec certaines banques grecques
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



20:21
Lotus Symphony code for OpenOffice coming soon
»
LWN.net
20:10
Armée de terre : moins de deux candidats par poste d'engagé
»
Secret défense
Le taux de sélection des engagés volontaires de l'armée de terre (EVAT) se situe actuellement à 1,8 dossiers de candidature ouverts par poste offert. C'est un chiffre relativement bas, mais qui recouvre de grandes différences selon les armes et les spécialités.
Les unités considérées comme les plus "guerrières" (paras, commandos, chasseurs alpins, troupes de marine, etc) attirent toujours beaucoup plus que des armes plus techniques (transmissions, train, artillerie, voire cavalerie ou même infanterie métro) ou que certains métiers (cuisiniers, mécaniciens, informaticiens). Pour certains recrutements, on en est donc à un candidat par poste - ce qui limite fortement les possibilités de sélection... L'attrait pour le métier de "combattant", le coeur du métier militaire, est une particularité française : ainsi, les Britanniques peinent à recruter pour ces fonctions, alors qu'ils ont plus de candidats pour des postes a priori moins exposés. La Marine nationale souffre du même problème : les postes embarqués trouvent moins preneurs que ceux à terre. L'armée de terre a peut-être des soucis, mais, comme ont dit dans les bonnes familles, ce sont des soucis de riches.
D'autant que pour les officiers (1 place pour 6 candidats) et les sous-officiers (1 pour 4), le taux de sélection reste très élevé. Globalement, celui-ci est de 2 postulants pour un poste. Il est en baisse, et ce pour plusieurs raisons, comme l'explique le général Benoit Royal, en charge du recrutement : "D'abord, un problème démographique, avec l'arrivée des classes creuses, nées en 1991/92, les moins nombreuses. Ensuite, il faut reconnaitrre un effet Afghanistan, moins chez les jeunes d'ailleurs, que chez ceux que nous appellons les prescripteurs (parents, amis, etc) qui peuvent dissuader le jeune de s'engager en lui expliquant qu'il risque de partir faire la guerre. Enfin, la désertification militaire : l'armée de terre a quitté de nombreux départements, par exemple dans le Nord ou en Normandie. Elle a perdu de sa visiblilté et les jeunes ne pensent plus spontanément à nous. Et cela pose des problèmes de mobilité, car les jeunes du Nord n'ont pas forcément envie d'être dans la Sud-Ouest à une journée de train ou de voiture de chez eux".
Une fois recrutés, encore faut-il garder les engagés. Le taux d'attrition, c'est-à-dire le pourcentage de départ au cours de la première année reste élevé (24%) mais il est en baisse, grâce à la réorganisation de la formation initiale des EVAT (création des CFIM). Ce taux d'un sur quatre est comparable à celui du privé.
En moyenne, les EVAT servent actuellement 6,8 ans, une durée qui augmente progressivement, mais qui reste inférieure à l'objectif que s'est fixé l'armée de terre, 8 ans. Pour inciter les jeunes à renouveler leur premier contrat, l'armée de terre leur assure désormais une affectation des fonctions de soutien lors du deuxième contrat. Une manière de reconnaitre qu'ils ont alors besoin de souffler un peu, souvent pour des raisons familiales. Actuellement l'âge moyen des engagés au moment du recrutement est de 20 ans et 7 mois. L'armée de terre recrute environ 12000 Evat chaque année.
20:09
La BCE cesse ses opérations avec certaines banques grecques
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
20:05
Laurent Fabius, l'ancien ennemi récompensé par le Quay d'Orsay
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



20:01
Pierre Moscovici, un ex-strauss-kahnien à Bercy
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



20:00
Introducing Ubuntu Bliss Lens for Unity
»
Linux Today
20:00
Security advisories for Wednesday
»
LWN.net
19:53
Manuel Valls, un franc-tireur à l'Intérieur
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



19:51
Education : Vincent Peillon chargé de la lourde «priorité» du quinquennat
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



19:50
Arnaud Montebourg, chante de la «démondialisation» au Redressement productif
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



19:45
Crise de l'euro : que peut faire la BCE ?
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



19:39
34 ministres, dont 17 femmes, dans le premier gouvernement Ayrault
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



19:39
17 femmes, 7 jeunes et 4 «Hollandais» historiques, dans le gouvernement Ayrault
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



19:39
Le premier gouvernement Ayrault prend ses quartiers
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



19:29
La BCE confirme que certaines banques grecques sont sous assistance
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



19:25
"Un durcissement de la situation des droit de l'homme à Bahreïn"
»
International - LeMonde.fr
19:23
On Scene Report Day One - 2012 Joint Warfighting Conference
»
SWJ Blog
19:13
Affaire Taton : la famille réclame des dommages et intérêts à l'Etat serbe
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
19:13
Affaire Taton : la famille réclame des dommages et intérêts à l'Etat serbe
»
International - LeMonde.fr
19:09
Giraffes die after zoo break-in
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
19:00
Hybryde Linux lets you switch Desktop Environment on the fly
»
Linux Today
18:55
Greek leftist attacks EU 'poker'
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
18:53
Ways of the wind
»
The Big Picture

A woman grips her umbrella against the wind in front of the Jubelpark - Cinquantenaire in Brussels as a storm moved over Belgium on Jan. 5. The Belgian Royal Meteorological Institute gave a code orange warning for the heavy storm weather that moved over Belgium this morning. (Benoit Doppagne/AFP/Getty Images)
18:42
Presstalis : le mandat ad hoc prolongé jusqu'à fin juillet
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



18:35
L'affaire DSK, du tweet au print
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



18:34
Seven die in south Libya clash
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
18:24
Training in London next week
»
MySQL Performance Blog
This is a rare opportunity as I do not personally deliver a lot of Training, especially outside of US. There are still some places left if you want to sign up.
18:19
Please Learn to Write
»
Rands In Repose
18:15
Big List of 20 Common Bottlenecks
»
High Scalability - Building bigger, faster, more reliable websites.

One day Aurelien Broszniowski from Terracotta emailed me his list of bottlenecks, we cc’ed Russell in on the conversation, he gave me his list, I have a list, and here’s the resulting stone soup.
Russell said this is his “I wish I knew when I was younger" list and I think that’s an enriching way to look at it. The more experience you have, the more different types of projects you tackle, the more lessons you’ll be able add to a list like this. So when you read this list, and when you make your own, you are stepping through years of accumulated experience and more than a little frustration, but in each there is a story worth grokking.
18:14
[nt]
»
Europe - LeMonde.fr
18:13
Jean-Yves Le Drian, nouveau ministre de la Défense
»
Secret défense
Comme cela était prévu depuis des mois, le breton Jean-Yves Le Drian, 65 ans, vient d'être nommé ministre de la Défense dans le nouveau gouvernement Ayrault. Né à Lorient en juin 1947, Jean-Yves Le Drian est président du conseil régional de Bretagne depuis 2004. Son expérience gouvernementale se limite à un poste de secrétaire d'Etat à la Mer dans le gouvernement Cresson (1991-92).
Issu d'un milieu ouvrier, il a fait ses premières armes à la Jeunesse Etudiante Chrétienne. Historien de formation, il adhère au PS en 1974. Il a été maire de Lorient de 1981 à 1998, et à ce titre, connait bien la Marine nationale. Il a également été député du Morbihan de 1978 à 2007 (sauf entre 1991 et 1997) et a alors siégé à la commission de la défense. En 2007, dans le cadre de l'ouverture à gauche, Nicolas Sarkozy lui avait proposé le poste de ministre de la Défense, qu'il avait alors refusé par fidelité au PS.
Voici ce qu'il disait durant la campagne présidentielle.
Kader Arif est nommé ministre délégué auprès du ministre de la défense, chargé des anciens combattants. Né à Alger en 1959, fils de harki, Kader Arif est député européen et responsable de la fédération PS de Haute-Garonne.
18:13
Jean-Yves Le Drian, nouveau ministre de la Défense (actualisé)
»
Secret défense
Comme cela était prévu depuis des mois, le breton Jean-Yves Le Drian, 65 ans, vient d'être nommé ministre de la Défense dans le nouveau gouvernement Ayrault. Né à Lorient en juin 1947, Jean-Yves Le Drian est président du conseil régional de Bretagne depuis 2004. Son expérience gouvernementale se limite à un poste de secrétaire d'Etat à la Mer dans le gouvernement Cresson (1991-92).
Issu d'un milieu ouvrier, il a fait ses premières armes à la Jeunesse Etudiante Chrétienne. Selon un autre breton, Jean Guisnel, " son service militaire une formalité accomplie sans déplaisir au 512e régiment du train de Saint-Lô (Manche), qui permit à tout le moins à ce "tringlot" de passer le permis de conduire tous les engins imaginables".
Historien de formation, Le Drian adhère au PS en 1974. Il a été maire de Lorient de 1981 à 1998, et à ce titre, connait bien la Marine nationale. Il a également été député du Morbihan de 1978 à 2007 (sauf entre 1991 et 1997) et a alors siégé à la commission de la défense. En 2007, dans le cadre de l'ouverture à gauche, Nicolas Sarkozy lui avait proposé le poste de ministre de la Défense, qu'il avait alors refusé par fidelité au PS.
Voici ce qu'il disait durant la campagne présidentielle.
Kader Arif est nommé ministre délégué auprès du ministre de la défense, chargé des anciens combattants. Né à Alger en 1959, fils de harki, Kader Arif est député européen et responsable de la fédération PS de Haute-Garonne.
18:10
Déçue, Martine Aubry n'a pas renoncé à ses ambitions
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



18:04
How To Configure Apache To Use Radius For Two-Factor Authentication On Ubuntu 12.04
»
HowtoForge - Linux Howtos and Tutorials - Howtos about Linux and Open Source

18:00
Red Hat, IBM Counter VMware In Government Market
»
Linux Today
17:59
Views From the Night Sky: London and the U.K.
»
In Focus
Night aerial view over Swiss Re Tower, and the Lloyds Building, City of London. (© Jason Hawkes)

17:55
Benchmarking single-row insert performance on Amazon EC2
»
MySQL Performance Blog
High-Memory Quadruple Extra Large Instance
68.4 GB of memory
26 EC2 Compute Units (8 virtual cores with 3.25 EC2 Compute Units each)
1690 GB of instance storage
64-bit platform
I/O Performance: High
API name: m2.4xlarge
## InnoDB options
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 55G
innodb_log_file_size = 1G
innodb_log_files_in_group = 4
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 4
innodb_adaptive_flushing = 1
innodb_adaptive_flushing_method = estimate
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50
innodb_io_capacity = 800
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_file_per_table = 1
## Disabling query cache
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_type = 0
4 buffer pool instances to reduce the contention caused by buffer pool mutexes. Another important configuration that I am using is that I am using “estimate” flushing method available only on Percona Server. The “estimate” method reduces the impact of traditional InnoDB log flushing, which can cause downward spikes in performance. Other then that, I have also disabled query cache to avoid contention caused by query cache on write heavy workload.range partitioning. I defined a partitioning scheme such that every partition would hold 100 million rows.
CREATE TABLE `purchases_noindex` (
`transactionid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`dateandtime` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
`cashregisterid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`customerid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`productid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`price` float NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`transactionid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (transactionid)
(PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (100000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (200000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (300000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (400000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (500000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p5 VALUES LESS THAN (600000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p6 VALUES LESS THAN (700000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p7 VALUES LESS THAN (800000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p8 VALUES LESS THAN (900000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p9 VALUES LESS THAN (1000000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p10 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE ENGINE = InnoDB) */
CREATE TABLE `purchases_index` (
`transactionid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`dateandtime` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
`cashregisterid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`customerid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`productid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`price` float NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`transactionid`),
KEY `marketsegment` (`price`,`customerid`),
KEY `registersegment` (`cashregisterid`,`price`,`customerid`),
KEY `pdc` (`price`,`dateandtime`,`customerid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=11073789 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (transactionid)
(PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (100000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (200000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (300000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (400000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (500000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p5 VALUES LESS THAN (600000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p6 VALUES LESS THAN (700000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p7 VALUES LESS THAN (800000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p8 VALUES LESS THAN (900000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p9 VALUES LESS THAN (1000000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p10 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE ENGINE = InnoDB) */
purchases_noindex which has no secondary index and only a primary index, and against the table purchases_index which has 3 secondary indexes. Another thing I would like to share is that, the size of the table without secondary indexes is 56G while the size of the table with secondary indexes is 181G.
The reason why I have chosen to show “millions of rows” on the x-axis so that we can see the impact of growth in data-set on the insert rate.
17:54
Assad espère que Hollande va changer de politique à l'égard de la Syrie
»
International - LeMonde.fr
17:48
Angela Merkel limoge un ministre après la débâcle électorale
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



17:48
Angela Merkel contrainte à un remaniement ministériel
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



17:48
Angela Merkel limoge un ministre après la débâcle électorale
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
17:48
Angela Merkel contrainte à un remaniement ministériel
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
17:46
Egypt, Libya to play without fans
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
17:45
L'Unedic prévoit une poursuite de la hausse du chômage jusqu'à mi-2013
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



17:39
David Thomas, RIP
»
PeteSearch
17:33
La banque JPMorgan attaquée en justice par certains actionnaires
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



17:33
David Cameron « impatient » de discuter croissance avec François Hollande
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
17:27
David Kessler rejoint l'équipe de François Hollande à l'Elysée
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



17:19
Italy's Bossi in fraud probe
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
17:18
Le FMI prêt à négocier avec la Bosnie un nouveau crédit
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale



17:16
Lilypond reçoit le prix Lomus 2012 de l'AFIM
»
DLFP - Dépêches de page principale

17:11
VIDEO: Defiant Taylor protests innocence
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
17:00
Sorry Guys, Rotomolding Is Not Dead
»
IDSA Materials and Processes Section
17:00
Apache Isn't Just About HTTP Anymore
»
Linux Today
16:59
Images Actives HTML5 est disponible
»
DLFP - Dépêches de page principale
Ce format posait le problème de l'accessibilité sur les appareils mobiles iOS. La question d'un export HTML5 était posée (voir la dépêche du 8 mai dernier annonçant la v1).
Un modèle « tablettes numériques »
16:42
Deux ans pour redonner son éclat à un immeuble délabré du vieux Porto
»
International - LeMonde.fr
16:40
Neo Sécurité, un dossier brûlant pour le nouveau gouvernement
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr
16:38
Turks take bird for Israeli spy
»
BBC News | Europe | World Edition
16:32
La BCE a une « forte préférence » pour le maintien de la Grèce dans l'euro
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



16:32
La BCE a une « forte préférence » pour le maintien de la Grèce dans l'euro
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
16:32
La BCE ne se résigne pas à une sortie de la zone Euro de la Grèce
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
16:32
La BCE ne se résigne pas à une sortie de la zone euro de la Grèce
»
Les Echos - actualité internationale
16:32
A qui profite l'accord conclu entre les détenus palestiniens et Israël ?
»
International - LeMonde.fr
16:23
Législatives : la situation s'apaise à Paris, à droite comme à gauche
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



16:11
The Atemporality of “Ruin Porn”: The Carcass & the Ghost
»
Cyborgology





16:11
Gyan and Dede absent from Ghana
»
BBC News | Africa | World Edition
16:07
Gouvernement : les dernières rumeurs, les surprises possibles
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



16:06
Le leader du parti néonazi grec multiplie les propos antisémites
»
International - LeMonde.fr
16:03
KKR investit 150 millions de dollars dans Fotolia
»
Les Echos - actualité à la Une des Echos.fr



16:02
Allemagne : la crise en Europe du Sud fait bondir l'immigration
»
International - LeMonde.fr
16:00
Nautilus 3.4.2 Reduces Memory Consumption
»
Linux Today
15:54
Unified Quest Army Future Game
»
SWJ Blog
15:41
Le gouvernement allemand s'accorde une hausse de salaire
»
International - LeMonde.fr
15:22
Un attentat sème la panique à Bogota
»
International - LeMonde.fr
15:20
Retour d'expérience sur Go
»
DLFP - Dépêches de page principale
Sommaire
Mise en situation
Le programme
Rentrons dans le code
Et Go dans tout ça ?
En effet, l'idée est de fournir des outils tout prêts à l'utilisateur. On se base sur un maximum de règles standards et donc un minimum de configuration (voire en fait pas de configuration du tout dans bien des cas !).
Maintenant un projet Go n'a besoin pour compiler que de ses sources. Un coup de "go build" et tout se fait tout seul. Plus de gestion des dépendances, plus de problèmes de conflits d'includes (de toute façon, il n'y a pas d'include en Go)… voilà qui devrait intéresser, je pense, tous ceux qui se sont essayés à C++ et à ses célèbres erreurs de compilation hyper-verbeuses, pour cause de conflit de define pour avoir placé un include au mauvais endroit.
Bien que minimaliste, celui-ci est donc toujours présent.
La raison est multiple :
Les tests
Le multiplatforme !
import "testing"
func TestFoo(t *testing.T) { // Les fonctions de test commencent par Test
// et respectent cette signature
if test_is_ok() != nil {
t.Error("t'es parti pour fixer ton code !") // Erreur avec message
}
if test_sans_message != nil {
t.Fail() // Erreur sans message
}
// Si aucun appel à Fail ou Error, alors le test est considéré comme réussit
}
Voulant partager mon logiciel avec mes petits camarades (Je précise que je suis en Corée du Sud actuellement… pas la peine de dire quel OS utilise tout ce joli monde !), autant dire que cette fonctionnalité a fortement pesé dans la balance pour le choix de Go.
Écrivons un peu de code
Cette commande permet de mettre à LA norme le code. Notez le "LA" majuscule, il n'y en a qu'une (certains diront qu'elle est horrible mais nous ne sommes pas vendredi, je laisse cela à d'autres). Du coup, pas de conflits à ce niveau, tous les codes go écrits pas tous les développeurs du monde auront la même forme.
Petit bémol pour ma part : cette norme utilise des indentations de 8 caractères et ne coupe pas le code à 80 colonnes. Résultat, celui-ci est bien souvent trop long à mon goût (ainsi qu'à celui de mon Emacs en multicolonnes. Là où je peux mettre 3 colonnes en C la plupart du temps, je suis limité à 2 en go… 33% d'espace perdu, snif !)
La commande go tool permet d'accéder à la foultitude d'outils intégré dans la commande go. Parmi eux se trouve yacc, le célèbre parser. Cette version est une réécriture en go de celui de plan9. Autant dire que sa présence à été déterminante dans mon choix d'utiliser go pour mon projet (un parser à la main… non merci !)
De fait, on retrouve dans la lib standard de Go un bon nombre de fonctions renvoyant à la fois la valeur qu'on leur demande ainsi qu'un type "*Error" pouvant être soit "nil" (c'est-à-dire pointer sur rien) soit initialisé, signifiant alors une erreur. Plus besoin de "tricher" - comme en C - en donnant en argument de la fonction un pointeur sur la variable à compléter, puisque la variable de retour est déjà occupée par le code d'erreur.
De même, le parcours de tableau s'en trouve simplifié :
for i,elm := range array {
fmt.Println("l'élément", i, "a pour valeur", elm)
}
Notez aussi le ":=" permettant de déclarer "à l'arrache" des variable en fonction du type de la variable qu'on lui assigne. Un vrai bonheur pour gagner en lisibilité dans les cas triviaux.
import "flag"
var f_input = flag.String("i", "", "Input file.")
var f_output = flag.String("o", "", "Output file. (stdout if nothing specified)")
var f_type = flag.String("t", "vhdl", "Type of output : binary, print, vhdl")
func main() {
flag.Parse()
fmt.Println("lecture du fichier", *f_input)
...
}
Remarquez que l'option --help/-h est gérée automatiquement !
Problème, selon moi : si la clé ne correspond à aucune valeur, la valeur nulle est renvoyée. De fait, dans mon programme, j'utilise une map pour faire la correspondance entre les labels et leur adresse réelle. Si je demande l'adresse d'un label inexistant, la map va me renvoyer la valeur 0, puisque c'est l'équivalent de la valeur nulle pour un int…
Problème : cette valeur peu tout à fait être valide dans le cas d'un label situé en début de code ! C'est d'autant plus étrange que le langage autorise le renvoi de plusieurs valeurs, comme nous l'avons vu précédemment…
En réalité, le slice - comme son nom l'indique - représente un morceau de Array. De fait, plusieurs slices peuvent pointer en même temps sur le même Array, par exemple.
La réponse s'est trouvée sur la mailling list de Go : utiliser des slices !
Voici comment faire :
var s0 := []int{0, 1} // on créé un un slice sur un tableau contenant 0 et 1
var to_insert = 42
S0 = append(s, to_insert) // on utilise la fonction buildtin "append"
s0 = append(s[:i - 1], s[i + 1:]...)
Pour ceux qui se posent la question, append ajoute des éléments à un slice. De fait, on doit transformer le slice s[i + 1:] en une suite d'élément avant de l'ajouter à s[:i - 1]. C'est ce qu'on fait avec la commande "s[i + 1:]…"
Le tout s'articule autour de trois concepts (que je n'illustrerai pas avec mon programme puisse que celui-ci n'en n'utilise pas le premier.)
type plat struct {
name string
}
type choucroute struct {
plat
saucisses int
}
func main() {
ch := choucroute{plat{"choucroute"}, 4}
fmt.Println("Je vais me tapper une", ch.name, "avec ", ch.saucisses, "saucisses dedans !")
// ces deux lignes sont rigoureusement identiques
fmt.Println(ch.name)
fmt.Println(ch.plat.name)
}
Les interfaces
func (ch Choucroute)manger() {
ch.saucisses--
fmt.Println("Miam ! Encore", ch.saucisses, "saucisses !")
}
func (_ Plat)manger() { // remarquez le "_" pour indiquer qu'on ne fera rien avec l'objet et qu'il n'est donc pas nécessaire de le nommer.
fmt.Println("Beark !")
}
type mangerer interface {
manger()
}
func main() {
bouffe := []mangerer
bouffe = append(bouffe, choucroute{ "choucroute", 4 })
bouffe = append(bouffe, plat{ "bouts de tétons de mme Félipé" })
for _, pl := range bouffe {
pl.manger()
}
}
Je pense notamment à une des principales fonctionnalités mise en avant : la concurrence.
Mon programme n'utilise qu'un fil d'exécution. De fait, je n'ai pas pu utiliser les channels ni le mot clé go.
Toutefois, ayant déjà fait un peu joujou avec par le passé, j'ai trouvé l'idée vraiment excellente. Les channels permettant à une routine d'attendre qu'une autre lui envoie un objet pour continuer. De fait, on résout le soucis de synchronisation de manière beaucoup plus simple qu'en plaçant des mutex sur les ressources critiques !
Quasi instantanée ! (dois-je comparer à un poid lourd comme C++ ?)
Tout va très vite. Le duck typing permet de redéfinir ses structures très rapidement, on n'écrit que le minimum.
De même, tout le monde est convaincu de l'importance des tests, mais la flemme nous fait généralement (en particulier pour les petits projet comme le mien) tester à la main la fonctionnalité sur laquelle on travaille actuellement et basta !
De fait, le système de test intégré à Go est, pour moi, un pur bonheur, tant il est simple et efficace !
Le débat est lancé ! Pour certains, le compilateur de Go est trop jeune et pas suffisamment optimisé (ce qui explique sa vitesse de compilation).
Les auteurs de Go ont notamment publié un article pour battre en brèche cette idée en montrant comment obtenir des performances proches du C++ en optimisant son code.
En effet, pour le moment le runtime est compilée statiquement dans le logiciel. Cela explique la taille supérieure au mégaoctet du moindre "hello world". Par exemple, mon logiciel faisant dans les 800 lignes de Go se retrouve compilé dans un binaire de 1.6 Mo…
Enfin bon, vue la taille actuelle de nos disques durs et tant que Go n'aura pas pour vocation de tourner sur de l'embarqué, je ne suis pas sûr que ce soit un si gros point noir.
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The Top Five Author Websites
»
A Fork in the Road
According to author media the number one thing authors need to remember when designing their website is this crucial bit of information:
People don't care about you.
While this advice momentarily dips its toes into the world of play ground torment, it makes a valid point. Visitors want more than a bio and a couple of book covers, they're looking for a way to connect and derive value that's not available elsewhere.
Given that developing a proper website is high on my list of things to do, I've been researching the good and bad of author platforms. And I have to say, that the more you trawl around author websites, the more you see where author media is coming from. There are plenty of authors who have beautiful sites but few that actually share the love; looking for a way to really connect with their readers. The following though are wonderful examples of authors who really get value adding.
1. Patricia Cornwell's site is impressive and a lot of fun. It reminds me of JK Rowlings (old) website in the way it draws you into her world. This is not a great site if you're looking for a particular piece of information, but if you want to while away some time poking around a coroner's office, this is the place to be.
2. Dan Brown's website immediately shouts - BEST SELLING AUTHOR WITH BIG DESIGN BUDGET! But it also delivers. If you're a fan of the books you'll love this site, with it's "bonus features" approach to connecting with the reader. On the Secrets page, codes, quests, bizarre facts, ambigrams and behind the scenes videos abound.
3. Speaking of games...have I ever mentioned how much I love Rick Riordan? Well I do. (More of that to come in this month's reading round up.) Riordan's websites reflect not only his understanding of his readership, but also his background as a teacher. He provides great games and insights, as well as educational resources through his Percy Jackson site and his own author page.
4. While Judy Blume's website is not as slick as the others' this is a great example of author generosity. She speaks to her readers in a personable and honest way. She has a wonderful style that treats her readers as intelligent beings who are interested in the nitty gritty of getting into writing as well as exploring issues like censorship. And for good measure she provides some useful resources for kids writing reports on her books!
5. There are no bells and whistles, or spectacular giveaways, but I have to say I really like Neil Gaiman's site. Unlike many sites that feel like they've been developed by a publishing house design team, Gaiman's site feels like he either did it himself or certainly had considerable input. I especially enjoyed picking through his notebooks...
If you know of any other good author websites please share them in the comments below.
photo credit: freedigitalphotos.net